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Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Staphylococcal Skin Infections01:29

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from Sézary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling
09:08

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from Sézary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling

Published on: October 14, 2021

Sezary syndrome--without erythroderma.

K Abdul Samad1, Moorthy K Prasanna, Ali P Akhar

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Venereology Medical College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
|July 28, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Sezary syndrome (SS) typically presents with erythroderma, but this case highlights an unusual variant. Advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma mimicked SS hematologically and histopathologically, despite lacking skin redness.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Hematology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Sezary syndrome (SS) is classically defined by pruritic erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, and >10% circulating Sezary cells.
  • Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) encompasses a group of malignant conditions affecting the skin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report an unusual case of advanced CTCL with Sezary syndrome features but without erythroderma.
  • To challenge the necessity of erythroderma as a strict diagnostic criterion for Sezary syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 66-year-old man with asymptomatic papules, plaques, nodules, and generalized lymphadenopathy.
  • Peripheral blood smear analysis revealing >60% Sezary cells.
  • Skin and lymph node biopsies with histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and CD marker studies.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from Sézary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling
09:08

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from Sézary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling

Published on: October 14, 2021

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with generalized lymphadenopathy and asymptomatic skin lesions, not erythroderma.
  • Peripheral blood and tissue biopsies confirmed advanced CTCL with classical Sezary cells.
  • Immunohistochemistry and CD marker studies identified atypical T-lymphocytes.

Conclusions:

  • Erythema is not an absolute requirement for diagnosing Sezary syndrome.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering Sezary syndrome in the differential diagnosis of CTCL even without erythroderma.