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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications01:24

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...
Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy01:26

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is an essential intervention for patients experiencing severe kidney dysfunction. This therapy offers a continuous mechanism for removing fluids and toxins from the bloodstream, leveraging the patient’s blood pressure to facilitate filtration through a specialized filter. This method contrasts with intermittent dialysis, providing a gentler and more consistent removal of waste products and excess fluid, which is particularly beneficial in critically...
Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
Hemodialysis I: Introduction01:25

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...

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Hepatitis C in dialysis patients.

Sameer O Huraib1

  • 1Department of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation : an Official Publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia
|July 28, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant concern for hemodialysis patients. Strict adherence to infection control protocols and early screening are crucial for preventing HCV transmission in dialysis units, especially in developing nations.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) poses a major health challenge for patients undergoing hemodialysis.
  • Risk factors for HCV infection in this population include dialysis duration and blood transfusions.
  • Non-adherence to universal infection control precautions is a significant contributor to high HCV prevalence, particularly in developing countries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify key factors contributing to the high prevalence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among hemodialysis patients.
  • To explore strategies for reducing and preventing the spread of HCV within dialysis settings.
  • To address the controversial issue of isolating anti-HCV positive patients in high-prevalence areas.

Main Methods:

  • Review of identified risk factors for HCV infection in hemodialysis patients.
  • Analysis of preventative measures including screening, transfusion reduction, and infection control.
  • Discussion of the implications of patient isolation strategies.

Main Results:

  • Duration on dialysis and blood transfusions are identified risk factors for HCV.
  • Non-adherence to universal infection control precautions is a critical factor in HCV spread, especially in developing nations.
  • Early screening, reduced transfusions, strict infection control, and feasible isolation are recommended interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Implementing early screening for anti-HCV and reducing blood transfusions can mitigate risks.
  • Strict adherence to universal infection control precautions is paramount in preventing HCV transmission.
  • While controversial, isolation of anti-HCV positive patients may be advisable in developing countries with high prevalence.