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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Construction and Characterization of a Novel Vocal Fold Bioreactor

Construction and Characterization of a Novel Vocal Fold Bioreactor

Published on: August 1, 2014

Laryngeal-level amplitude modulation in vibrato.

Christopher Dromey¹, Lorie Reese, J Arden Hopkin

¹Department of Communication Disorders, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA. dromey@byu.edu

Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation

|July 31, 2007

Summary

This study introduces a new method to measure vocal fold amplitude modulation (AM) during vibrato. Laryngeal AM was detected in all singers, influenced more by vocal effort than training.

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Area of Science:

Vocal fold dynamics
Acoustic phonetics
Singing voice research

Background:

Amplitude modulation (AM) in singing vibrato may stem from laryngeal or vocal tract interactions.
Previous research suggests AM is an acoustic epiphenomenon.
Understanding the source of AM is crucial for voice production studies.

Purpose of the Study:

To test a novel methodology for measuring laryngeal-level amplitude modulation (AM) during vibrato in trained singers.
To investigate the relationship between laryngeal AM and vocal parameters like pitch, loudness, and singer training.
To determine if AM originates at the vocal fold level or is purely an acoustic effect.

Main Methods:

A within-subjects study design was employed.
Seventeen female singers were recorded using a microphone and electroglottograph (EGG).
Laryngeal AM was quantified using fluctuations in the first derivative of the EGG signal.

Main Results:

Evidence of laryngeal AM was present in all singers, irrespective of training level.
The extent of laryngeal AM was more prominent at lower vocal intensities.
Laryngeal AM extent correlated more with vocal effort than individual singer characteristics.

Conclusions:

The electroglottograph (EGG) signal derivative provides a viable method for measuring laryngeal AM.
Amplitude modulation during vibrato has a significant laryngeal component.
Vocal effort, rather than singer-specific traits, appears to be a key factor influencing laryngeal AM.