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Related Concept Videos

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
Integrins01:10

Integrins

Animal and protozoan cells do not have cell walls to help maintain shape and provide structural stability. Instead, these eukaryotic cells secrete a sticky mass of carbohydrates and proteins into the spaces between adjacent cells. This network of proteins and molecules is called an extracellular matrix or ECM.
Some ECM proteins assemble into a basement membrane to which the remaining components adhere. Proteoglycans typically form the bulk of the ECM while fibrous proteins, like collagen,...
Activation of Integrins01:15

Activation of Integrins

Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding events provide an effective stimulus.
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Selectins01:25

Selectins

Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain, which...
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

A Flow Cytometry-Based High-Throughput Technique for Screening Integrin-Inhibitory Drugs
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A Flow Cytometry-Based High-Throughput Technique for Screening Integrin-Inhibitory Drugs

Published on: February 2, 2024

Chicken thrombocytes express the CD51/CD61 integrin.

B C Viertlboeck1, T W Göbel

  • 1Institute for Animal Physiology, University of Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
|July 31, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Researchers screened 377 anti-human monoclonal antibodies (mab) for chicken cell reactivity. The mab 23C6 specifically identified chicken thrombocytes, marking a significant advancement in avian cell research.

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Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes
09:14

Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes

Published on: June 13, 2014

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Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

A Flow Cytometry-Based High-Throughput Technique for Screening Integrin-Inhibitory Drugs
04:15

A Flow Cytometry-Based High-Throughput Technique for Screening Integrin-Inhibitory Drugs

Published on: February 2, 2024

Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes
09:14

Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes

Published on: June 13, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Avian Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Monoclonal antibodies (mab) are crucial tools in cell identification.
  • Cross-reactivity screening of human-specific mab on avian cells is essential for developing new reagents.
  • Chicken leukocyte subsets require specific markers for accurate immunological studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To screen commercially available anti-human monoclonal antibodies (mab) for cross-reactivity on chicken peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL).
  • To identify specific mab that can reliably identify chicken cell populations.
  • To characterize the reactivity and target antigens of promising mab in chickens.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of 377 anti-human mab on chicken PBL from two different chicken lines.
  • Double immunofluorescence analyses to confirm antigen coexpression.
  • Database mining to analyze the genetic loci of chicken CD51 and CD61 genes.

Main Results:

  • Only two out of 377 mab showed consistent reactivity with chicken PBL subpopulations.
  • Mab HUH73A (anti-CD11a) reacted with all lymphocytes.
  • Mab 23C6 (anti-CD51/CD61) specifically reacted with all chicken thrombocytes, which also expressed CD45 and the K1 marker.

Conclusions:

  • Mab 23C6 is a highly specific and useful reagent for the identification of chicken thrombocytes.
  • The study provides insights into the genetic localization of chicken CD51 and CD61 genes.
  • This research facilitates further studies on chicken immune cells and hematopoiesis.