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Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains

Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains

Published on: November 30, 2021

Mapping human genetic ancestry.

Ingo Ebersberger¹, Petra Galgoczy, Stefan Taudien

¹Center for Integrative Bioinformatics of Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna, Austria. ingo.ebersberger@univie.ac.at

Molecular Biology and Evolution

|July 31, 2007

Summary

Our genome shows mosaic ancestry, with 23% not directly from chimpanzees. About a third of human genes evolved before the human, chimp, and gorilla split, explaining ancient traits.

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Area of Science:

Evolutionary biology
Genomics
Primate genetics

Background:

The human genome's evolutionary history is complex.
Understanding shared and unique genetic ancestry among primates is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To map human genetic ancestry using phylogenetic analysis.
To investigate the extent of shared ancestry with chimpanzees and other primates.

Main Methods:

Phylogenetic analysis of 23,210 DNA sequence alignments.
Comparative genomics across human, chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, and rhesus macaque.

Main Results:

Approximately 23% of the human genome shows no immediate shared ancestry with chimpanzees.
This lack of shared ancestry applies to both coding (genes, exons) and non-coding regions.
About one-third of human genes show lineages evolving before the human-chimp-gorilla divergence.

Conclusions:

The human genome is a mosaic of ancient and recent evolutionary histories.
Early human-specific gene evolution predates the divergence of major ape lineages.
This explains the presence of ancient human traits in fossils and shared characteristics across non-closest relatives.