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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The semiconductor's...

Tight Junctions

Tight Junctions

Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...

P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Analysis of the Gap Junction-dependent Transfer of miRNA with 3D-FRAP Microscopy

Analysis of the Gap Junction-dependent Transfer of miRNA with 3D-FRAP Microscopy

Published on: June 19, 2017

MicroRNA with a MacroFunction.

Shweta Rane¹, Danis Sayed, Maha Abdellatif

¹Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark 07103, New Jersey, USA.

Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)

|July 31, 2007

Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Their varying levels in different conditions highlight their role in health, disease, and as potential therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Biochemistry

Background:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression.
They are short, genetically encoded RNA molecules (~21 nucleotides).
miRNAs target multiple messenger RNAs (mRNAs) via sequence complementarity.

Purpose of the Study:

To revise understanding of gene regulation mechanisms in health and disease.
To discuss the functions of miRNAs in post-transcriptional gene regulation.
To explore the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

Review of existing knowledge on miRNA function.
Analysis of miRNA targeting mechanisms (translation inhibition, mRNA degradation).
Examination of miRNA roles in various biological and pathological conditions.

Main Results:

miRNAs primarily target the 3'-untranslated regions of mRNAs.
They can inhibit translation initiation or elongation.
miRNA levels fluctuate with developmental, biological, and pathological states.

Conclusions:

miRNAs significantly impact gene expression and cellular attributes.
Their dysregulation is implicated in disease mechanisms.
miRNAs hold promise as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic agents.