Root and canal morphology of permanent mandibular molars in a Sri Lankan population

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the root and canal morphology of Sri Lankan mandibular molars and to determine the affinities of these morphological variations to those of people of European and Asian origin. Two hundred mandibular first and second molars were examined. The number of roots and the prevalence of C-shaped (gutter-shaped) roots in mandibular second molars were recorded. Root canal morphology was studied using a clearing technique. The examination of root canal systems of the teeth was based on Vertucci's classification. Among mandibular first molars, only 3% had three roots. Mesial roots of the first molar typically presented with two canals and two apical foramina with type IV, V, or VI canal configuration. Most distal roots of the first molar presented with a type I canal configuration. The remainder were distributed mainly between types III and V. Among mandibular second molars, 6% had single C-shaped roots, while C-shaped canals were found in only 2%. The majority of mesial roots of the second molar showed one or two canals, with one apical foramen with type I, II, or III canal morphology. In addition, the distal root commonly showed type I canal configuration. Intercanal communications and lateral canals were more frequently seen in the first molar than in the second. The root canal morphology in mandibular molars varies among population groups. Mandibular root and canal morphology of Sri Lankan people has closer affinities with that of people of European than of East Asian origin.