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Coccidioides species as potential agents of bioterrorism

David W Warnock1

  • 1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. dwarnock@cdc.gov

Future Microbiology
|July 31, 2007
PubMed

Insights

Coccidioides fungi, endemic to the southwestern USA, cause coccidioidomycosis through inhaling airborne arthroconidia. While most infections are mild, severe cases can occur, and these fungi are potential bioterrorism agents with uncertain public health impacts from deliberate release.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Coccidioides species are endemic soil fungi in the southwestern USA, Central, and South America.
  • Infection occurs via inhalation of airborne arthroconidia, leading to coccidioidomycosis.
  • Clinical presentations range from self-limiting to severe, potentially fatal disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology and clinical spectrum of Coccidioides infections.
  • To assess the public health implications of Coccidioides as a potential bioterrorism agent.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Coccidioides epidemiology and clinical manifestations.
  • Analysis of regulatory status and potential impact of deliberate release.

Main Results:

  • Coccidioides infections, while often mild, can cause severe morbidity and mortality.
  • Both Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii are regulated potential bioterrorism agents.
  • The public health consequences of deliberate release are considered uncertain but likely limited.

Conclusions:

  • Coccidioides poses a significant public health concern due to its endemicity and potential for severe disease.
  • Regulatory controls are in place due to its status as a potential bioterrorism agent.
  • The actual impact of a deliberate release on a susceptible population remains largely uncertain.

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