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Clathrin Coated Vesicles

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...

Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis

Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis

The recycling endosome, also known as the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC), is a part of the slow-recycling process of the endocytic pathway. Molecules internalized through receptor-mediated endocytosis are either degraded in the lysosomes or are recycled to the plasma membrane through the fast- or slow-recycling route.
The recycling endosome is not a single organelle but an extensively tubulated network of recycling pathways. It functions in storing molecules or transporting them across...

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...

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Related Experiment Video

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In vivo and in vitro Studies of Adaptor-clathrin Interaction

In vivo and in vitro Studies of Adaptor-clathrin Interaction

Published on: January 26, 2011

An ACAP1-containing clathrin coat complex for endocytic recycling.

Jian Li¹, Peter J Peters, Ming Bai

¹Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

The Journal of Cell Biology

|August 1, 2007

Summary

A novel clathrin coat complex involving ACAP1 and ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) regulates endocytic recycling. This process is critical for cell migration and glucose homeostasis.

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Area of Science:

Cell biology
Molecular mechanisms of endocytosis
Protein regulation in physiological processes

Background:

The role of coat proteins in endocytic recycling is not fully understood.
Endocytic recycling is crucial for various physiological functions, including cell migration and glucose uptake.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of ACAP1, a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6), in endocytic recycling.
To identify novel coat protein complexes involved in endocytic transport.

Main Methods:

Biochemical assays to characterize protein interactions.
Cellular imaging to visualize protein localization and trafficking.
Genetic manipulation to study the function of ACAP1 and ARF6.

Main Results:

ACAP1 forms a novel clathrin coat complex regulated by ARF6.
This complex is essential for the endocytic recycling of integrin during cell migration.
The complex also mediates insulin-stimulated recycling of glucose transporter type 4 (Glut4) for glucose homeostasis.

Conclusions:

ACAP1 and ARF6 play a critical role in regulating endocytic recycling through a novel clathrin coat complex.
This mechanism is vital for key physiological processes like cell migration and glucose regulation.