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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model
12:37

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model

Published on: September 7, 2013

Multiple cutaneous malignancies in xeroderma pigmentosum.

P Mohanty1, L Mohanty, B P Devi

  • 1Department of Skin and VD, SB Medical College, Cuttack, Orrisa, India.

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
|August 1, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This case report details xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), a rare genetic disorder, presenting with multiple skin cancers. Early detection and management are crucial for patients with XP due to their heightened UV sensitivity and cancer risk.

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Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells
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Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model
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Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells
06:09

Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells

Published on: June 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by deficient DNA repair, leading to extreme sun sensitivity.
  • Individuals with XP have a significantly increased risk of developing cutaneous malignancies at an early age.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) presenting with multiple, distinct types of cutaneous malignancies.
  • To highlight the clinical presentation and histopathological findings in a patient with XP and associated skin cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum.
  • Clinical examination and histopathological analysis of cutaneous lesions.
  • Diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma.

Main Results:

  • The patient exhibited characteristic features of XP including freckles, lentigines, and keratosis.
  • Multiple malignant lesions were identified: squamous cell carcinoma on the nose, basal cell carcinoma on the conjunctiva, and malignant melanoma on the cheek.
  • Histopathological confirmation of all three malignancy types.

Conclusions:

  • This case underscores the aggressive nature of cutaneous malignancies in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum.
  • Emphasizes the importance of vigilant dermatological surveillance and prompt diagnosis in individuals with XP to manage associated risks effectively.