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Titration of a Polyprotic Acid

Titration of a Polyprotic Acid

A polyprotic acid contains more than one ionizable hydrogen and undergoes a stepwise ionization process. If the acid dissociation constants of the ionizable protons differ sufficiently from each other, then the titration curve for such polyprotic acid generates a distinct equivalence point for each of its ionizable hydrogens. Therefore, titration of a diprotic acid results in the formation of two equivalence points, whereas the titration of a triprotic acid results in the formation of three...

Titration of Polyprotic Acids with a Strong Base

Titration of Polyprotic Acids with a Strong Base

Titration of a polyprotic acid, which contains multiple ionizable protons, involves distinct dissociation steps, each with its own dissociation constant (Ka). Each successive Ka is weaker than the previous one. In the titration of a polyprotic acid like sulfurous acid with a strong base such as sodium hydroxide, the base first neutralizes the initial ionizable proton, forming an intermediate species (e.g., hydrogen sulfite ions). This step's titration curve resembles that of a weak monoprotic...

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Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base

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Weak acids and bases do not undergo dissociation completely, and titrations between these two are rarely studied. When such studies are performed, say, for the titration of a weak acid with a weak base, the titration curve plots the change in pH as a function of the volume of base added. Take the titration of acetic acid with ammonia, for instance. During the titration, these two species form ammonium acetate and water, but the pH change is slow and gradual.
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Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

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Titration of Polyprotic Base with a Strong Acid

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method

Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method

Published on: May 18, 2018

Alkaptonuria.

A Dogra¹, G S Bajwa, N Bajwa

¹Department of Dermatology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology

|August 1, 2007

Summary

Alkaptonuria, a rare metabolic disorder, causes dark urine, pigmentation, and joint pain. Diagnosis involves detecting homogentisic acid in urine.

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Genetics
Clinical Medicine

Background:

Alkaptonuria is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder.
It results from a deficiency in the enzyme homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase.
This leads to the accumulation of homogentisic acid.

Purpose of the Study:

To report a case of alkaptonuria.
To highlight the clinical presentation and diagnostic confirmation.

Main Methods:

Clinical observation of patient symptoms.
Biochemical analysis of urine for homogentisic acid detection.

Main Results:

The patient presented with characteristic symptoms: dark urine, cutaneous and scleral pigmentation, and joint pain.

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Direct Detection of the Acetate-forming Activity of the Enzyme Acetate Kinase

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Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method

Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method

Published on: May 18, 2018

Removal of Arsenic Using a Cationic Polymer Gel Impregnated with Iron Hydroxide

Removal of Arsenic Using a Cationic Polymer Gel Impregnated with Iron Hydroxide

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Direct Detection of the Acetate-forming Activity of the Enzyme Acetate Kinase

Direct Detection of the Acetate-forming Activity of the Enzyme Acetate Kinase

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Homogentisic acid was detected in the patient's urine, confirming the diagnosis.

Conclusions:

This case illustrates the typical presentation of alkaptonuria.
Early diagnosis through biochemical testing is crucial for managing the condition.