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Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...

Viral Meningitis

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...

Reservoir of Infection

Reservoir of Infection

Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...

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Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Characterizing Salmonella Typhimurium-induced Septic Peritonitis in Mice

Characterizing Salmonella Typhimurium-induced Septic Peritonitis in Mice

Published on: July 29, 2022

Salmonella enteritidis meningitis - a case report.

A Varaiya¹, K Saraswathi, U Tendolkar

¹Department of Microbiology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, Sion, Mumbai - 400 022, India.

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology

|August 1, 2007

Summary

A male infant with severe malnutrition and meningitis died from Salmonella enteritidis infection. This pathogen was identified in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood cultures, confirming the cause of the fatal outcome.

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Listeria monocytogenes Infection of the Brain

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Published on: October 2, 2018

Area of Science:

Pediatrics
Infectious Diseases
Microbiology

Background:

Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is a significant risk factor for severe infections in infants.
Pyogenic meningitis in infants presents a critical diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.
Salmonella enteritidis is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause severe invasive disease.

Purpose of the Study:

To report a fatal case of Salmonella enteritidis meningitis in a severely malnourished infant.
To highlight the diagnostic findings and clinical course of invasive salmonellosis in this vulnerable population.

Main Methods:

Case report of a male infant presenting with symptoms of meningitis.
Microbiological analysis including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood cultures.
Clinical data review focusing on nutritional status and infection progression.

Main Results:

The infant was diagnosed with pyogenic meningitis and severe protein energy malnutrition.
Salmonella enteritidis was isolated from both CSF and blood cultures.
The infection led to a fatal outcome despite medical intervention.

Conclusions:

Salmonella enteritidis can cause fatal meningitis in infants with severe malnutrition.
Early and accurate diagnosis of invasive salmonellosis is crucial in malnourished infants.
This case underscores the importance of considering Salmonella in the differential diagnosis of meningitis in undernourished infants.