Related Concept Videos
01:03Long-term Depression
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...
01:05Long-term Depression
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
01:14Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...
01:27Language and Cognition
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
01:30Information Processing Approach
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
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Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 13, 2026
07:36
Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
Published on: November 20, 2015
[Long-term cognitive dysfunctions related to prematurity].
A Narberhaus1, R Pueyo-Benito, M D Segarra-Castells
1Departamento de Psiquiatría y Psicobiología Clínica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
Revista De Neurologia
|August 2, 2007
Summary
Adolescents born preterm generally show lower scores on intelligence scales, though most perform within normal ranges. Specific subtests like vocabulary and coding are more sensitive to cognitive differences in preterm individuals.
More Related Videos
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Cognitive Science
Context:
- Long-term cognitive effects of prematurity are poorly understood.
- Limited research exists on preterm adolescents in Spanish populations.
- Prematurity's impact on adolescent cognitive development requires further investigation.
Purpose:
- To assess cognitive performance in preterm adolescents using Wechsler intelligence scales.
- To describe the clinical significance of these cognitive findings.
- To analyze the discriminatory power of Wechsler subtests for preterm individuals.
Summary:
- Wechsler intelligence scales revealed significant group differences in overall, verbal, and performance IQs among preterm adolescents compared to controls.
- While most preterm subjects performed within normal ranges, subtests like vocabulary, coding, and picture arrangement showed greater sensitivity to performance differences.
- Specific cognitive functions like learning, memory, and fluency did not show significant differences when general cognitive performance was controlled.
Impact:
- Highlights group-level cognitive differences in preterm adolescents, despite most individuals scoring within normal limits.
- Identifies specific Wechsler subtests that are more sensitive in detecting cognitive variations in preterm populations.
- Informs clinical assessments and interventions for adolescents with a history of prematurity.