A review of the risk factors in primary open angle glaucoma

The aetiology of primary open-angle glaucoma is still uncertain. However certain factors are known or suspected of having an aetiologic role. These are known as the risk factors. These include higher intraocular pressures, black race, old age especially after the age of 40 years, the peculiar larger optic disc structure of black people, a positive family history, vascular factors such as systemic hypertension, perfusion pressure, vasospasm, atherosclerosis and acute hypotension which is a risk factor for normal-tension glaucoma. Others are diabetes, which is prone to selection bias, myopia, a history of typical migraine headaches, thinner central corneal thickness and the ability to taste phenylthiourea. If a particular patient is identified as having one or more of these risk factors, that patient is by definition, at greater risk of developing glaucoma than a patient who does not.