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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

Tumor Immunotherapy

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However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies

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There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

[Biologic therapy: current and future applications in oncology].

Aleix Prat¹, Josep Baselga

¹Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario de la Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España. aleixprat@yahoo.es

Medicina Clinica

|August 3, 2007

Summary

Molecularly targeted therapies offer new hope for cancer treatment, becoming a standard of care for some cancers. Future research aims to discover new drugs, targets, and optimize combination therapies for better patient outcomes.

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Analyzing Tumor and Tissue Distribution of Target Antigen Specific Therapeutic Antibody

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Published on: May 16, 2020

Area of Science:

Oncology
Molecular Biology
Pharmacology

Context:

Cancer remains a leading cause of death globally and in Spain, with significant mortality.
Recent advancements in molecular cancer biology have identified critical targets for therapeutic intervention.
The development of molecularly targeted drugs has revolutionized cancer treatment approaches.

Purpose:

To review the progress and future directions of molecularly targeted therapies in oncology.
To highlight the role of molecularly targeted agents in treating various cancers.
To discuss the potential of combination therapies and personalized medicine in cancer care.

Summary:

Since 2001, numerous molecularly targeted agents have been developed and are under investigation for various cancers.
These targeted therapies are increasingly becoming the standard of care for specific malignancies like renal-cell carcinoma and chronic myeloid leukemia.
Research is focusing on identifying new drug targets, improving patient selection for targeted treatments, and optimizing combination strategies.

Impact:

Molecularly targeted therapies represent a paradigm shift in cancer treatment, moving towards precision medicine.
These agents offer improved efficacy and potentially reduced side effects compared to traditional chemotherapy.
Continued research promises further advancements in drug discovery, patient stratification, and combination treatment regimens for enhanced cancer management.