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Marginal integrity of class V restorations: SEM versus dye penetration
Claus-Peter Ernst1, Pia Galler, Brita Willershausen
1Department of Operative Dentistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Ernst@uni-mainz.de
Objectives:
To perform an in vitro investigation on the marginal integrity of different adhesives (Optibond FL, Scotchbond 1XT, Clearfil SE Bond, Adper Prompt L-Pop, S(3) Bond, iBond exp., Adper Prompt L-Pop) in combination with Tetric Ceram as well as an experimental silorane-restorative (Hermes, Hermes Bond; 3M ESPE) using SEM and dye penetration (2% methylene blue) in a comparative manner.
Methods:
Standardized class V-cavities (3 mm x 1.5 mm) were prepared in 70 extracted human teeth (n=10). The adhesives were applied according to manufacturers' instructions. The cavities were restored with three increments. After finishing and polishing (Sof-Lex discs) and thermocycling (5000x, 5/55 degrees C), replicas were taken and the teeth immersed in the dye for 10s (D10) and evaluated. After another penetration of 30 min (D30) a final evaluation of the percentage of dye-penetrated margins was conducted.
Results:
The median percentages in marginal gaps (%) at the enamel margins for the three methods investigated (D10/D30/SEM) were--Optibond FL: 0/0/4, Scotchbond 1 XT: 5/16/11, Clearfil SE Bond: 0/0/0, S(3) Bond: 0/0/1, iBond exp.: 20/42/12, Adper Prompt L-Pop: 5/23/8, Hermes/Hermes Bond: 5/45/24. Cementum margins--Optibond FL: 0/1/0, Scotchbond 1 XT: 0/21/23, Clearfil SE Bond: 0/0/4, S(3) Bond: 0/0/0, iBond exp.: 0/0/0, Adper Prompt L-Pop: 10/32/23, Hermes/Hermes Bond: 0/0/13. After pooling the data of all groups, a Spearmann's rho test showed a good correlation between the methods D10 and D30 at the enamel margins and at the entire cavity margins (correlation coefficient 0.8 and 0.7).
Significance:
SEM did not correlate with the results obtained from D10 (correlation coefficient <0.5). A fair correlation was found between SEM and D30 for the entire cavity margin but a good correlation for the enamel margins. No correlation between investigation methods was determined at the cementum margins. D30 showed a better correlation to SEM than D10 did. Therefore, 30 min of dye penetration time seems to be more suitable than 10 s.
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