Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Prokinetic agents are specialized medications that stimulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, promoting food movement through the GI tract. Dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, plays a significant role in this process, reducing GI motility and indirectly controlling the speed of digestion. Dopamine receptor antagonists, such as metoclopramide and domperidone, offer a unique advantage as prokinetic agents. By blocking the dopamine receptors, these drugs increase GI motility, improving food...

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...

Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin

Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin

Directly acting muscle relaxants like dantrolene and botulinum toxin (BoNT) have distinct mechanisms and applications. Dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, acts on the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in skeletal muscle cells. RYR1 are calcium channels present at the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In response to excitation, they release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Calcium promotes actin-myosin-mediated contraction of muscles.
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...

Drug-Receptor Interaction: Agonist

Drug-Receptor Interaction: Agonist

Agonists are drugs that interact with specific receptors in the body to produce a biological response. When an agonist binds to a receptor, it activates or enhances the receptor's function, leading to physiological effects. The interaction between agonist drugs and receptors is crucial for their therapeutic action in various medical treatments.
Agonists can bind to receptors in different ways. Some agonists bind directly to the receptor's active site, mimicking the endogenous ligand's action.

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses

Direct-acting cholinergic agonists have many therapeutic uses in various medical fields. Choline esters, including acetylcholine, have limited clinical utility due to their non-selectivity and short duration of action. Still, acetylcholine and carbachol are applied topically during ophthalmologic surgery to induce miosis. Pilocarpine, a muscarinic and ganglionic stimulator, effectively treats open-angle glaucoma and alleviates xerostomia and dry mouth caused by radiotherapy or Sjögren syndrome.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Knockdown of the long isoform of the prolactin receptor selectively targets pathogenic immune cells in systemic lupus erythematosus and averts glomerular pathology.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

The Ability of Neonatal Mice to Develop Immunity to <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Shows Sex Differences, with Females Displaying Evidence of an Enhanced Immune Response.

Journal of cellular immunology·2025

Same author

B lymphoproliferative diseases: Effective treatment, inhibited progression, and potential cures through isoform-specific targeting of the prolactin receptor.

Vitamins and hormones·2025

Same author

Isoform-specific knockdown of long and intermediate prolactin receptors interferes with evolution of B-cell neoplasms.

Communications biology·2023

Same author

A cautionary tale: Alien prolactins may induce lesser, no, or opposite effects to homologous hormone!

Journal of neuroendocrinology·2022

Same author

Tumor cell-derived asymmetric dimethylarginine regulates macrophage functions and polarization.

Cancer cell international·2022

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

X-Ray Visualization of Intraductal Ethanol-Based Ablative Treatment for Prevention of Breast Cancer in Rat Models

X-Ray Visualization of Intraductal Ethanol-Based Ablative Treatment for Prevention of Breast Cancer in Rat Models

Published on: December 9, 2022

S179D prolactin: antagonistic agony!

Ameae M Walker¹

¹Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. ameae.alker@ucr.edu

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

|August 3, 2007

Summary

Phosphorylated prolactin (PRL) research reveals novel insights into its activities. A new model of prolactin-receptor interactions suggests that "antagonistic agony" agents may be superior therapeutics.

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Molecular Biology
Pharmacology

Background:

Prolactin (PRL) is a key hormone with diverse physiological roles.
Understanding PRL's post-translational modifications, like phosphorylation, is crucial for elucidating its functions.
The molecular mimic S179D PRL has been instrumental in studying PRL activity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the production and activities of phosphorylated prolactin (PRL).
To develop an updated model of prolactin-receptor interactions applicable to the cytokine superfamily.
To propose a new paradigm for developing growth antagonists, termed "antagonistic agony".

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on phosphorylated prolactin and S179D PRL.
Analysis of prolactin-receptor interactions and signaling pathways.

More Related Videos

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache

Published on: July 29, 2021

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion

Published on: May 10, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

X-Ray Visualization of Intraductal Ethanol-Based Ablative Treatment for Prevention of Breast Cancer in Rat Models

X-Ray Visualization of Intraductal Ethanol-Based Ablative Treatment for Prevention of Breast Cancer in Rat Models

Published on: December 9, 2022

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache

Published on: July 29, 2021

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion

Published on: May 10, 2018

Conceptual development of "antagonistic agony" and selective prolactin receptor modulators (SPeRMs).

Main Results:

Collated existing knowledge on phosphorylated PRL production and activities.
Proposed an updated model for prolactin-receptor interactions.
Introduced the concept of "antagonistic agony" for therapeutic development.

Conclusions:

Phosphorylated PRL exhibits distinct activities influencing receptor interactions.
The S179D PRL mimic provides insights into PRL signaling.
Selective prolactin receptor modulators (SPeRMs) represent a promising therapeutic strategy, potentially outperforming pure antagonists.