Tracheobronchial injuries. Conservative treatment

Tracheal lacerations are iatrogenic, localized, low impact injuries with longitudinal tears (in about 1:20,000 intubations). In contrast traumatic tracheobronchial ruptures are high velocity injuries with horizontal transections. Between 1986 and 2002, we treated 27 tracheobronchial injuries (8 bronchial 3 of them iatrogenic, 19 tracheal 17 of them iatrogenic (+1 horizontal rupture+1 tracheoesophageal stabbing)). Extension of the tears 5-12 cm. All bronchial ruptures, the tracheal rupture as well as six iatrogenic tracheal tears have been managed operatively. All the other underwent conservative treatment.

(1) critically ill patients, (2) delay in diagnosis >72 h, and (3) refusal of operation. It consists in endotracheal intubation for 5-9 days. This way we prevent pressure peaks as well as retention achieving a continuous control. Conservative group: 12/13 patients survived, neither stenosis nor megatrachea. Operative group: 1 patient died (MOF), 1 postoperative stenosis (Montgomery tube for 2 months). Tracheobronchial ruptures have to be operated. Lacerations show frequently discrete clinical signs, but typical X-rays. They can be dealt with conservatively in the majority of cases as well as operatively. According to our experience, conservative treatment is safe and shows a mortality as low or lower than operative procedures.