How to retrain the cardiothoracic surgeon

Grayson H Wheatley1, Edward B Diethrich

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular and Endovascular Surgery, Arizona Heart Institute, 2632 N. 20th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA.

Summary

Cardiothoracic surgery faces challenges from declining cases and reimbursement. Embracing new endovascular therapies requires retraining to ensure surgeons remain proficient in cardiovascular disease treatment.

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Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...