Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 derivative with 7% simian immunodeficiency virus genetic content is able to...

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Immunology
• Primate models

Background:

• A novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) derivative, HIV(NL-DT5R), was created using simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) genetic material.
• This derivative was previously shown to infect macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the in vivo replicative capacity and disease-inducing potential of the HIV(NL-DT5R) derivative.
• To determine if the chimeric virus could establish a persistent infection and cause pathogenesis in a relevant animal model.

Main Methods:

• Pig-tailed macaques were inoculated with the HIV(NL-DT5R) derivative.
• Plasma viremia, humoral immune responses, and CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counts were monitored.
• Clinical signs of disease were assessed.

Main Results:

• All inoculated macaques developed plasma viremia after HIV(NL-DT5R) infection.
• Humoral immune responses against HIV-1 structural proteins were detected in all animals.
• No significant CD4(+) T-lymphocyte depletion or clinical disease was observed.

Conclusions:

• The HIV(NL-DT5R) derivative can replicate and elicit an immune response in vivo in pig-tailed macaques.
• The current construct does not induce significant pathogenesis or CD4(+) T-lymphocyte depletion.
• Further adaptation of the virus is necessary to enhance its in vivo infectivity and disease-inducing potential.