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Related Concept Videos

Impulse01:13

Impulse

According to Newton’s second law of motion, the rate of change of the momentum of an object is the net external force acting on it. The total change in momentum between two timepoints thus depends on both the external force acting on it and the time over which it acts. Describing this mathematically, the total change of an object’s motion is proportional to the force vector and the time over which it is applied. This product is called impulse.
Additionally, it can be shown that the total...
Damped Oscillations01:07

Damped Oscillations

In the real world, oscillations seldom follow true simple harmonic motion. A system that continues its motion indefinitely without losing its amplitude is termed undamped. However, friction of some sort usually dampens the motion, so it fades away or needs more force to continue. For example, a guitar string stops oscillating a few seconds after being plucked. Similarly, one must continually push a swing to keep a child swinging on a playground.
Although friction and other non-conservative...
Types of Damping01:20

Types of Damping

If the amount of damping in a system is gradually increased, the period and frequency start to become affected because damping opposes, and hence slows, the back and forth motion (the net force is smaller in both directions). If there is a very large amount of damping, the system does not even oscillate; instead, it slowly moves toward equilibrium. In brief, an overdamped system moves slowly towards equilibrium, whereas an underdamped system moves quickly to equilibrium but will oscillate about...
Forced Oscillations01:06

Forced Oscillations

When an oscillator is forced with a periodic driving force, the motion may seem chaotic. The motions of such oscillators are known as transients. After the transients die out, the oscillator reaches a steady state, where the motion is periodic, and the displacement is determined.
Sound as Pressure Waves01:17

Sound as Pressure Waves

Sound waves, which are longitudinal waves, can be modeled as the displacement amplitude varying as a function of the spatial and temporal coordinates. As a column of the medium is displaced, its successive columns are also displaced. As the successive displacements differ relatively, a pressure difference with the surrounding pressure is created. The gauge pressure varies across the medium.
The pressure fluctuation depends on the difference in displacements between the successive points in the...
Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses01:20

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses

As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Blast Quantification Using Hopkinson Pressure Bars
09:41

Blast Quantification Using Hopkinson Pressure Bars

Published on: July 5, 2016

Non-volcanic tremor driven by large transient shear stresses.

Justin L Rubinstein1, John E Vidale, Joan Gomberg

  • 1Department of Earth and Space Science, University of Washington, Box 351310, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA. justin@ess.washington.edu

Nature
|August 3, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Non-volcanic tremor near subduction zones can be triggered by seismic waves from distant earthquakes. This suggests that tremor and slow slip events are caused by rapid shear stress increases on the plate interface.

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Seismology
  • Tectonophysics

Background:

  • Non-impulsive seismic radiation, or tremor, is observed at volcanoes and subduction zones.
  • The exact cause of non-volcanic tremor remains unclear, with fluid movement and plate interface slip as leading hypotheses.
  • Previous studies in Japan linked tremor to low-frequency earthquakes and shear slip on the subduction interface.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cause of non-volcanic tremor in the Cascadia subduction zone.
  • To determine if external seismic events can trigger tremor.
  • To understand the relationship between tremor, slow slip events, and plate interface stresses.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of seismic tremor data from the Cascadia subduction zone.
  • Correlation of tremor bursts with seismic wave arrivals from the 2002 Denali, Alaska earthquake.
  • Calculation of shear stresses on the plate interface based on Love wave displacements.

Main Results:

  • Identified tremor bursts in Cascadia triggered by Love waves from the Denali earthquake.
  • Tremor occurred during specific Love wave displacements, indicating a triggering mechanism.
  • Calculated shear stresses of approximately 40 kPa, suggesting very low effective stress on the plate interface.

Conclusions:

  • Tremor and potentially slow slip events can be instantaneously induced by shear stress increases on the subduction interface.
  • This phenomenon represents a frictional failure response to increased driving stress.
  • The findings challenge existing models and highlight the sensitivity of subduction zones to external stresses.