Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Rate-Determining Steps03:08

Rate-Determining Steps

Relating Reaction Mechanisms
In a multistep reaction mechanism, one of the elementary steps progresses significantly slower than the others. This slowest step is called the rate-limiting step (or rate-determining step). A reaction cannot proceed faster than its slowest step, and hence, the rate-determining step limits the overall reaction rate.
The concept of rate-determining step can be understood from the analogy of a 4-lane freeway with a short-stretch of traffic-bottleneck caused due to...
Chain Reactions01:29

Chain Reactions

Chain reactions involve highly reactive transient species, such as atoms or free radicals, as intermediates. These intermediates facilitate rapid reactions over an extended period. The process includes a series of steps: a reactive intermediate is consumed, reactants are converted to products, and the intermediate is regenerated. This cycle enables continuous repetition, amplifying the production of products with a small amount of intermediate. Chain reactions often utilize free radicals as...
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene01:22

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene

Sulfonation of benzene is a reaction wherein benzene is treated with fuming sulfuric acid at room temperature to produce benzenesulfonic acid. Fuming sulfuric acid is a mixture of sulfur trioxide and concentrated sulfuric acid.
Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions-Peroxide Effect02:35

Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions-Peroxide Effect

In the presence of organic peroxides, the addition of hydrogen bromide to an alkene yields the isomer that is not predicted by Markovnikov’s rule. For example, the addition of hydrogen bromide to 2-methylpropene in the presence of peroxides gives 1-bromo-2-methylpropane. This addition reaction proceeds via a free radical mechanism, which reverses the regioselectivity. The free radical reaction mechanism involves three stages: initiation, propagation, and termination.
Radical Substitution: Allylic Bromination01:27

Radical Substitution: Allylic Bromination

In organic synthesis, the formation of products can be altered by changing the reaction conditions. For example, a dibromo addition product is formed when propene is treated with bromine at room temperature. In contrast, propene undergoes allylic substitution in non-polar solvents at high temperatures to give 3-bromopropene. In order to avoid the addition reaction, the bromine concentration must be kept as low as possible throughout the reaction. This can be achieved using N-bromosuccinimide...
Fast Reactions01:27

Fast Reactions

Fast reactions occurring in times shorter than the time needed to mix reactants pose a unique challenge for investigation. In a liquid-phase continuous-flow system, reactants A and B are swiftly pushed into the mixing chamber, where mixing occurs within 1 ms. The reaction mixture then flows through an observation tube, and one measures light absorption to determine species concentrations at various points of the tube. This method is most appropriate when relatively large volumes of reactants...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Flow-enhanced spatiotemporal pH oscillations.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same author

Dielectric breakdown characteristics of flux-contaminated printed circuit boards in different environmental conditions.

Heliyon·2025
Same author

Dynamics of pH Oscillators in Continuous Stirred Tanks in Series.

Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry·2024
Same author

Radical chain mechanism for the S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> <sup>2-</sup>-S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> <sup>2-</sup>-Cu(ii) flow system explains high-amplitude pH oscillations in the NH<sub>4</sub>OH-modified version.

RSC advances·2024
Same author

Structuring liquids through solvent-assisted interfacial association of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes and amphiphiles.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2023
Same author

Autocatalytic flow chemistry.

Scientific reports·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

A Scalable Balz-Schiemann Reaction Protocol in a Continuous Flow Reactor
05:21

A Scalable Balz-Schiemann Reaction Protocol in a Continuous Flow Reactor

Published on: February 10, 2023

Sustained spatiotemporal patterns in the bromate-sulfite reaction.

Zsanett Virányi1, István Szalai, Jacques Boissonade

  • 1Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Szeged, P.O. Box 105, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
|August 4, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study validates a kinetic model for the bromate-sulfite reaction, accurately predicting complex chemical behaviors like oscillations and bistability in spatial reactors. The findings also highlight key differences from the iodate-sulfite system.

More Related Videos

Development of Sulfidogenic Sludge from Marine Sediments and Trichloroethylene Reduction in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor
15:19

Development of Sulfidogenic Sludge from Marine Sediments and Trichloroethylene Reduction in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor

Published on: October 15, 2015

Fluid-cell Raman Spectroscopy for operando Studies of Reaction and Transport Phenomena during Silicate Glass Corrosion
06:48

Fluid-cell Raman Spectroscopy for operando Studies of Reaction and Transport Phenomena during Silicate Glass Corrosion

Published on: May 9, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

A Scalable Balz-Schiemann Reaction Protocol in a Continuous Flow Reactor
05:21

A Scalable Balz-Schiemann Reaction Protocol in a Continuous Flow Reactor

Published on: February 10, 2023

Development of Sulfidogenic Sludge from Marine Sediments and Trichloroethylene Reduction in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor
15:19

Development of Sulfidogenic Sludge from Marine Sediments and Trichloroethylene Reduction in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor

Published on: October 15, 2015

Fluid-cell Raman Spectroscopy for operando Studies of Reaction and Transport Phenomena during Silicate Glass Corrosion
06:48

Fluid-cell Raman Spectroscopy for operando Studies of Reaction and Transport Phenomena during Silicate Glass Corrosion

Published on: May 9, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Chemical kinetics
  • Non-equilibrium thermodynamics
  • Reaction-diffusion systems

Background:

  • The bromate-sulfite reaction is known to exhibit complex spatiotemporal patterns.
  • Previous models have not fully captured the observed phenomena in spatial reactors.
  • Understanding these complex reactions is crucial for fields like chemical engineering and materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate a skeleton kinetic model for the acid autoactivated bromate-sulfite reaction.
  • To investigate the reaction's behavior in an unstirred one-side-fed spatial reactor.
  • To compare the bromate-sulfite system with the homologous iodate-sulfite reaction.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a skeleton kinetic model incorporating ion charge and diffusivity.
  • Simulated the reaction in a one-side-fed spatial reactor.
  • Compared theoretical predictions with experimental observations.

Main Results:

  • The model accurately reproduced experimental observations, including spatial bistability, acid-base fronts, and spatiotemporal oscillations.
  • The model's inclusion of ion charge and diffusivity was key to its success.
  • Significant differences were noted between the bromate-sulfite and iodate-sulfite systems.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed kinetic model effectively describes the complex dynamics of the bromate-sulfite reaction.
  • The iodate-sulfite system's mechanism is not a simple analog of the bromate-sulfite system, despite phase diagram similarities.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the specific kinetic mechanism of the iodate-sulfite reaction.