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Updated: Jul 13, 2026
An Alternative and Validated Injection Method for Accessing the Subretinal Space via a Transcleral Posterior Approach
Published on: December 7, 2016
Drug elimination kinetics following subconjunctival injection using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance
Stephanie H Kim1, Karl G Csaky, Nam Sun Wang
1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA. kimstep@mail.nih.gov
Purpose:
To determine the elimination rates of subconjunctivally injected model drugs using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI).
Methods:
Gadolinium-diethylenetriaminopentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) and gadolinium-albumin (Gd-albumin) were injected in rabbits. Experiments were performed in vivo and post mortem and injection volumes of 200 and 600 microl were administered. Signal intensity values from MR images were converted to concentration of contrast agent to determine the mass clearance rates from subconjunctival space.
Results:
Injection volume did not have a significant effect on clearance rate for both Gd-DTPA and Gd-albumin. The clearance rate of Gd-DTPA in vivo was about nine times faster than that post mortem. The in vivo and post mortem clearance rates of Gd-albumin were not significantly different. The in vivo half-life of Gd-DTPA was about 22 min while that of Gd-albumin was about 5.3 h.
Conclusions:
DCE-MRI was used to quantitatively compare the subconjunctival clearance rates of Gd-DTPA and Gd-albumin. Dynamic clearance mechanisms present in vivo significantly reduced the subconjunctival concentration of Gd-DTPA but not Gd-albumin. Lymphatic clearance does not seem to be as significant as clearance by blood, as evidenced by data from Gd-albumin injections. Larger injection volumes may allow for longer retention times and prolonged release of drug.
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