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Related Experiment Video

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The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo

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Ethanol and the placenta: A review.

Larry Burd¹, Drucilla Roberts, Meredith Olson

¹Department of Pediatrics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA. laburd@medicine.nodak.edu

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians

|August 4, 2007

Summary

Prenatal alcohol exposure harms placental development and function, leading to issues like decreased size and impaired nutrient transport. This review highlights the broad adverse effects of alcohol on the placenta.

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Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fetal Medicine
Reproductive Biology

Background:

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is a significant public health concern.
The placenta plays a critical role in fetal development and maternal-fetal exchange.
Understanding the impact of alcohol on placental function is crucial for preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To review published studies on the effects of alcohol exposure on placentation, placenta growth, and function.
To synthesize current knowledge regarding alcohol's impact on placental development and its consequences.

Main Methods:

A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed with specific MeSH terms related to placenta and ethanol exposure.
Studies published between 1996-2006, in English, and involving human subjects were included.
Sixty-six relevant papers were reviewed and categorized into seven topic areas.

Main Results:

Alcohol exposure is linked to placental dysfunction, including reduced size, impaired blood flow, and compromised nutrient transport.
Adverse effects also encompass endocrine changes, increased stillbirth and abruption rates, umbilical cord vasoconstriction, and low birth weight.
These findings indicate a wide spectrum of negative impacts on placental development and function.

Conclusions:

Prenatal alcohol exposure exerts broad adverse effects on placental development and function.
Further research is recommended, particularly in populations with high alcohol consumption.
Establishing a placenta tissue bank with detailed exposure data is suggested to facilitate future research.