Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 13, 2026
12:04
Assessment of the Cytotoxic and Immunomodulatory Effects of Substances in Human Precision-cut Lung Slices
Published on: May 9, 2018
Pulmonary toxicity by a cytotoxic agent, S-1
Yuji Tada1, Yuichi Takiguchi, Ayako Fujikawa
1Respirology, Chiba University. ytada@faculty.chiba-u.jp
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan)
|August 7, 2007
Summary
A patient developed lung injury from S-1 chemotherapy. High-dose corticosteroids resolved the symptoms, highlighting the need for clinical awareness of this potential side effect.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pulmonology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- S-1 is an oral fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy drug commonly used for various cancers.
- Drug-induced lung injury is a rare but serious adverse effect of chemotherapy agents.
Observation:
- A 72-year-old man with tongue carcinoma experienced dyspnea on exertion 18 days after initiating S-1 treatment.
- Chest imaging revealed diffuse interstitial lung lesions with ground-glass opacity.
- Bronchoalveolar lavage and lung biopsy showed lymphocyte infiltration and granuloma formation.
Findings:
- Diagnostic tests confirmed S-1-induced lung injury, with a positive drug lymphocyte stimulation test against tegafur.
- The patient's respiratory symptoms and lung lesions resolved significantly after high-dose corticosteroid therapy.
Implications:
- This case underscores the potential for S-1 chemotherapy to cause significant lung injury.
- Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for S-1-induced lung injury in patients presenting with respiratory symptoms during treatment.
- Prompt recognition and management with corticosteroids may lead to favorable outcomes.
Related Concept Videos
01:24Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions
Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
01:26Toxic Reactions: Overview
When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
01:30Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
01:17Other Pulmonary Disorders
Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
01:16Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions
Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
01:29Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...