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Related Concept Videos

Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
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Related Experiment Video

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RNA-Seq Analysis of Differential Gene Expression in Electroporated Chick Embryonic Spinal Cord
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Published on: November 1, 2014

Characterising alternate splicing and tissue specific expression in the chicken from ESTs.

H Tang1, T Heeley, R Morlec

  • 1Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

Cytogenetic and Genome Research
|August 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Alternative splicing in chickens, analyzed using genomic and EST data, reveals significant transcript diversity similar to mammals. This study estimates that 50-60% of chicken genes undergo alternative splicing, producing an average of 2.3 transcripts per gene.

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Area of Science:

  • * Genomics and Molecular Biology
  • * Transcriptomics and Gene Expression Analysis
  • * Avian Biology

Background:

  • * Alternative splicing is a key mechanism generating transcriptomic complexity in eukaryotes.
  • * Understanding alternative splicing in avian species is crucial for comparative genomics.
  • * Previous large-scale analyses have been limited in non-mammalian vertebrates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To analyze alternative splicing events in the chicken genome using extensive EST data.
  • * To quantify the extent of alternative splicing and estimate novel transcripts.
  • * To compare chicken alternative splicing patterns with other higher vertebrates.

Main Methods:

  • * Mapped over 580,000 chicken EST sequences to the recently sequenced chicken genome.
  • * Utilized the EXONERATE program with the est2genome model for EST-to-genome mapping.
  • * Implemented rigorous quality control steps to filter erroneous mapping results.
  • * Characterized splicing events at the exon level to classify events and identify novel transcripts.

Main Results:

  • * Estimated that 50-60% of the chicken gene set undergoes alternative splicing.
  • * Calculated an average of approximately 2.3 transcripts per gene for alternatively spliced genes.
  • * Found that chicken alternative splicing levels are comparable to those in humans and mice.
  • * Identified tissue-specific gene and transcript usage, highlighting genes like twinfilin-2 and embryonic heavy chain myosin.
  • * Discovered several unannotated genes important in embryonic tissues exhibiting alternative splicing.

Conclusions:

  • * Chicken exhibits a significant level of alternative splicing, comparable to other higher vertebrates.
  • * The study provides the first large-scale analysis of alternative splicing in an avian species.
  • * EST data is valuable for characterizing alternative splicing but requires broad tissue representation and large transcript datasets.
  • * Identified novel and potentially important alternatively spliced genes in chicken embryonic tissues.