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Chest Physiotherapy

Chest Physiotherapy

Chest Physiotherapy (CPT) is a therapeutic technique used in respiratory care to improve ventilation, clear bronchial secretions, and enhance the efficiency of respiratory muscles. This therapy includes three primary procedures: postural drainage, percussion, and vibration. It can be performed on spontaneously breathing patients and those who are intubated and mechanically ventilated.
Purpose
CPT is primarily used for patients with excessive bronchial secretions who have difficulty clearing...

The Thoracic Cage: Sternum

The Thoracic Cage: Sternum

The thoracic or rib cage forms the body's thorax (chest) portion. Its primary function in the body is to protect vital organs in the thoracic cavity, such as the heart and the lungs. It consists of 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12).
The sternum is the elongated bony structure on the anterior side of the thoracic cage. It consists of three parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process.

Flail Chest-II

Flail Chest-II

Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:

The Mammary Glands

The Mammary Glands

The female breast is a hemispheric projection of variable size positioned anterior to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles. A fascia layer composed of dense, irregular connective tissue connects it to these muscles.
Each breast features a pigmented projection known as the nipple, through which milk emerges via closely spaced openings of ducts, referred to as lactiferous ducts. Surrounding the nipple is a circular pigmented area of skin named the areola, which appears rough due to...

Muscles of the Thorax

Muscles of the Thorax

The thorax muscles are central to the body's respiration and provide essential support and movement for the upper body. They are intricately designed to facilitate the complex breathing process while also contributing to the structural integrity and mobility of the chest and upper limbs.
The diaphragm is at the core of thoracic musculature, the primary muscle involved in breathing. This expansive, dome-shaped muscle marks the division between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. It originates...

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

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Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction

Published on: May 17, 2024

Male chest enhancement: pectoral implants.

J Benito-Ruiz¹, J M Raigosa, M Manzano-Surroca

¹Antiaging Group Barcelona, Institut Dexeus, C/ Sabino de Arana, 5-19, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. drbenito@cirugia-estetica.com

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery

|August 7, 2007

Summary

Pectoral muscle implants offer a safe and effective solution for male chest enhancement, addressing aesthetic goals, muscular atrophy, and injuries. The procedure demonstrates satisfying results with no major complications, increasing its use in cosmetic surgery.

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Published on: January 5, 2015

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Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction

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Published on: May 17, 2024

Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling

Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling

Published on: January 5, 2015

Area of Science:

Plastic Surgery
Aesthetic Surgery
Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

Male chest aesthetics are increasingly important in cosmetic surgery.
Pectoral muscle implants are a viable option for chest contour enhancement.
Previous studies have shown varying outcomes for pectoral implants.

Purpose of the Study:

To present the authors' experience with pectoral muscle implants for male chest enhancement.
To describe the surgical technique and patient selection for pectoral implants.
To evaluate the outcomes and safety of pectoral muscle implants.

Main Methods:

A retrospective review of 21 patients who underwent pectoral muscle implantation.
Detailed description of surgical markings and implantation technique.
Use of both manufactured and custom-made pectoral implants.

Main Results:

Significant enhancement of chest contour was observed in all patients.
The procedure was well-tolerated with no major complications reported.
Satisfying aesthetic results were achieved in the majority of cases.

Conclusions:

Pectoral muscle implants are a safe and effective method for male chest enhancement.
The described technique yields excellent aesthetic outcomes.
This procedure is suitable for cosmetic enhancement, muscular atrophy, and injury repair.