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4D Printed Bifurcated Stents with Kirigami-Inspired Structures
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Rapidly self-expandable polymeric stents with a shape-memory property.

Mei-Chin Chen1, Hung-Wen Tsai, Yen Chang

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.

Biomacromolecules
|August 7, 2007
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Summary

A novel biodegradable shape-memory stent made from chitosan was developed. This advanced polymeric stent offers superior flexibility and rapid hydration-triggered expansion, presenting a promising alternative to metallic stents.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Medical Device Engineering

Background:

  • Metallic stents are widely used but can cause complications like restenosis and thrombosis.
  • Biodegradable and shape-memory materials offer potential advantages for stent applications.
  • Chitosan is a biocompatible polymer with potential for stent fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel biodegradable stent with shape-memory properties using chitosan.
  • To enhance the mechanical properties and performance of chitosan-based stents.
  • To evaluate the stent's potential as an alternative to metallic stents and for drug delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Chitosan films were cross-linked with an epoxy compound and blended with glycerol and poly(ethylene oxide) to reduce crystallinity.
  • Mechanical properties were assessed by comparing the developed stent with a commercial metallic stent.
  • Stent performance was evaluated based on deformation tolerance, shape recovery, and expansion time.
  • Preliminary in vivo animal studies were conducted to assess biocompatibility and thrombus formation.

Main Results:

  • The blended chitosan films exhibited improved ductility and significantly enhanced compressive strength.
  • The polymeric stent withstood up to 30% deformation, regaining its original shape, compared to 10% for metallic stents.
  • The stent demonstrated rapid, hydration-stimulated expansion (approx. 150 s) from crimped to expanded states.
  • Animal studies showed the stent remained intact with no observed thrombus formation in the implanted vessel.

Conclusions:

  • The developed chitosan-based shape-memory stent demonstrates superior mechanical properties and rapid expansion capabilities.
  • This biodegradable stent is a promising alternative to metallic stents, offering reduced risks of deformation and migration.
  • The stent's properties make it a potentially valuable platform for localized drug delivery.