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Fluctuation theorems: work is not an observable.

Peter Talkner1, Eric Lutz, Peter Hänggi

  • 1Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|August 7, 2007
PubMed
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We identified the work characteristic function in quantum systems with a time-ordered correlation function. This finding connects quantum work to free energy differences via the Jarzynski work theorem.

Area of Science:

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • Understanding work in quantum systems is crucial for quantum thermodynamics.
  • External forces introduce time-dependence, complicating work calculations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the characteristic function of work done on quantum systems.
  • To establish a connection between quantum work and equilibrium thermodynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Identifying the work characteristic function with a time-ordered correlation function.
  • Utilizing the Jarzynski work theorem to relate quantum work to free energy.

Main Results:

  • The work characteristic function is equivalent to the time-ordered correlation function of the exponentiated system's Hamiltonian.

Related Experiment Videos

  • A similar expression for averaged exponential work was derived.

    • Conclusions:

    • The study provides a new perspective on quantifying work in driven quantum systems.
    • The findings bridge the gap between non-equilibrium quantum dynamics and equilibrium thermodynamic quantities.