Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 13, 2026
Finite Element Modelling of a Cellular Electric Microenvironment
Published on: May 18, 2021
Field theory for size- and charge-asymmetric primitive model of ionic systems: mean-field stability analysis and
1Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland.
Abstract:
The primitive model of ionic systems is investigated within a field-theoretic description for the whole range of diameter-, lambda , and charge, Z ratios of the two ionic species. Two order parameters (OP) are identified. The relation of the OP's to physically relevant quantities is nontrivial. Each OP is a linear combination of the charge density and the number-density waves. Instabilities of the disordered phase associated with the two OP's are determined in the mean-field approximation (MF). In MF a gas-liquid separation occurs for any Z and lambda is not equal to 1 . In addition, an instability with respect to various types of periodic ordering of the two kinds of ions is found. Depending on lambda and Z , one or the other transition is metastable in different thermodynamic states. For sufficiently large size disparity we find a sequence of fluid-crystal-fluid transitions for the increasing volume fraction of ions, in agreement with experimental observations. The instabilities found in MF represent weak ordering of the most probable instantaneous states, and are identified with structural loci associated with pretransitional effects.
More Related Videos
06:53Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
Published on: June 9, 2023
08:54Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid
Published on: January 25, 2020
Related Concept Videos
02:58Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
01:30The Electrical Double Layer
01:23Theory of Strong Electrolytes
02:46Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
01:27The Debye–Hückel Theory of Electrolyte Solutions
01:17Theory of Metallic Conduction
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...