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Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the streamlines...
Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: Problem Solving01:20

Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: Problem Solving

Individual molecules in a gas move in random directions, but a gas containing numerous molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds, which is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, f(v).
This distribution function f(v) is defined by saying that the expected number N (v1,v2) of particles with speeds between v1 and v2 is given by
Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Along a Streamline01:30

Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Along a Streamline

Bernoulli's equation relates the energy conservation in a fluid moving along a streamline. The equation applies to incompressible and inviscid fluids under steady flow. For such a flow, Newton's second law is applied to a small fluid element, which experiences forces due to pressure differences, gravity, and velocity variations. The force balance leads to the following form of Bernoulli's equation:
Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
Couette Flow01:22

Couette Flow

Couette flow represents the flow of fluid between two parallel plates, with one plate fixed and the other moving with a constant velocity. This configuration allows for a simplified analysis using the Navier-Stokes equations, which govern fluid motion under conditions of viscosity and incompressibility. For Couette flow, the assumptions include a steady, laminar, incompressible flow with a zero-pressure gradient in the flow direction. This flow type is beneficial for understanding shear-driven...
Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes01:23

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Investigating the Three-dimensional Flow Separation Induced by a Model Vocal Fold Polyp
09:58

Investigating the Three-dimensional Flow Separation Induced by a Model Vocal Fold Polyp

Published on: February 3, 2014

Modified lattice Boltzmann model for axisymmetric flows.

T Reis1, T N Phillips

  • 1School of Mathematics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4AG, United Kingdom.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|August 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a modified lattice Boltzmann model for axisymmetric flows. The model accurately incorporates source terms, enhancing Navier-Stokes equation analysis in cylindrical coordinates.

Area of Science:

  • Computational Fluid Dynamics
  • Fluid Mechanics
  • Numerical Analysis

Background:

  • Axisymmetric flows are crucial in various engineering applications.
  • Existing lattice Boltzmann models face challenges in accurately simulating axisymmetric flows.
  • The Navier-Stokes equations in cylindrical coordinates require specific treatment for axisymmetric terms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a modified lattice Boltzmann model for simulating axisymmetric flows.
  • To accurately incorporate source terms into the model's evolution equation.
  • To ensure the model correctly represents axisymmetric contributions in Navier-Stokes equations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a two-dimensional, nine-velocity lattice-Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook fluid model.

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The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
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The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Investigating the Three-dimensional Flow Separation Induced by a Model Vocal Fold Polyp
09:58

Investigating the Three-dimensional Flow Separation Induced by a Model Vocal Fold Polyp

Published on: February 3, 2014

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section
11:00

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section

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The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
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The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow

Published on: May 1, 2018

  • Incorporating a spatially and temporally varying source term into the momentum distribution function's evolution equation.
  • Deriving the source term's precise form via Chapman-Enskog analysis.
  • Main Results:

    • A modified lattice Boltzmann model capable of simulating axisymmetric flows is presented.
    • The incorporated source term accurately accounts for axisymmetric effects.
    • The model successfully furnishes additional axisymmetric contributions in Navier-Stokes equations.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed model provides an effective numerical tool for axisymmetric flow simulations.
    • The Chapman-Enskog analysis ensures the physical accuracy of the incorporated source term.
    • This work advances the application of lattice Boltzmann methods to complex flow geometries.