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Phase transition in liquid drop fragmentation.

Cristian F Moukarzel1, Silvia F Fernández-Sabido, J C Ruiz-Suárez

  • 1CINVESTAV del IPN Unidad Mérida, Departamento de Física Aplicada, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico. cristian@mda.cinvestav.mx

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|August 7, 2007
PubMed
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Researchers discovered a phase transition in liquid droplet fragmentation. Droplet size distributions at critical gas pressure follow a power law, indicating a significant physical phenomenon similar to nuclear multifragmentation.

Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Phase transitions
  • Statistical physics

Background:

  • Liquid droplet fragmentation is a complex process with implications in various scientific fields.
  • Understanding droplet size distribution is crucial for modeling phenomena like sprays and aerosols.
  • Previous studies on fragmentation have explored different theoretical models, but a clear understanding of critical phenomena is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fragmentation of liquid droplets under pressurized gas blow.
  • To analyze the resulting droplet size distributions and identify critical behavior.
  • To characterize the observed transition using concepts from statistical physics and compare it with existing models.

Main Methods:

  • A liquid droplet was fragmented using a sudden pressurized-gas blow.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Resulting droplets adhering to a flatbed scanner window were automatically counted and sized using image recognition software.
  • Gas pressure was systematically varied to observe changes in droplet size distribution.

    • Main Results:

    • A critical gas pressure was identified where droplet size distribution exhibited a pure power law, indicative of a phase transition.
    • Away from criticality, size distributions were described by Fisher's model.
    • At criticality, the surface correction term changed sign, and the power-law exponent showed a steep minimum, consistent with nuclear multifragmentation studies.
    • The transition was characterized by a 'dominance' concept, with dominance probability sharply decreasing at the transition.
    • The correlation length exponent was found to be approximately nu=1/2.

    Conclusions:

    • The study demonstrates a phase transition in liquid droplet fragmentation driven by gas pressure.
    • The observed critical behavior and associated parameters provide insights into the fundamental physics of fragmentation.
    • The findings suggest a non-percolative nature of the transition and offer a new characterization through dominance probability.