Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Elastic Collisions: Case Study

Elastic Collisions: Case Study

Elastic collision of a system demands conservation of both momentum and kinetic energy. To solve problems involving one-dimensional elastic collisions between two objects, the equations for conservation of momentum and conservation of internal kinetic energy can be used. For the two objects, the sum of momentum before the collision equals the total momentum after the collision. An elastic collision conserves internal kinetic energy, and so the sum of kinetic energies before the collision equals...

Elastic Collisions: Introduction

Elastic Collisions: Introduction

An elastic collision is one that conserves both internal kinetic energy and momentum. Internal kinetic energy is the sum of the kinetic energies of the objects in a system. Truly elastic collisions can only be achieved with subatomic particles, such as electrons striking nuclei. Macroscopic collisions can be very nearly, but not quite, elastic, as some kinetic energy is always converted into other forms of energy such as heat transfer due to friction and sound. An example of a nearly...

Impact

Impact

Impact occurs when two bodies collide, leading to the application of impulsive forces between them. Analyzing impact mechanics involves considering two colliding particles moving along a line known as the line of impact, which passes through their centers and is perpendicular to the contact plane.
When particles with different initial velocities collide, they induce deformation by applying equal and opposite impulses. At the point of maximum deformation, the particles move together with...

Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Introduction

Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Introduction

It is far more common for collisions to occur in two dimensions; that is, the initial velocity vectors are neither parallel nor antiparallel to each other. Let's see what complications arise from this. The first idea is that momentum is a vector. Like all vectors, it can be expressed as a sum of perpendicular components (usually, though not always, an x-component and a y-component, and a z-component if necessary). Thus, when the statement of conservation of momentum is written for a problem,...

Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Problem Solving

Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Problem Solving

In multiple dimensions, the conservation of momentum applies in each direction independently. Hence, to solve collisions in multiple dimensions, we should write down the momentum conservation in each direction separately. To help understand collisions in multiple dimensions, consider an example.
A small car of mass 1,200 kg traveling east at 60 km/h collides at an intersection with a truck of mass 3,000 kg traveling due north at 40 km/h. The two vehicles are locked together. What is the...

Types of Collisions - II

Types of Collisions - II

When two or more objects collide with each other, they can stick together to form one single composite object (after collision). The total mass of the object after the collision is the sum of the masses of the original objects, and it moves with a velocity dictated by the conservation of momentum. Although the system's total momentum remains constant, the kinetic energy decreases, and thus such a collision is an inelastic collision. Most of the collisions between objects in daily life are...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Avalanche precursor behavior during cyclic-tilting experiments.

Physical review. E·2025

Same author

In-depth influence of the top surface fabrication of a bead packing.

Physical review. E·2023

Same author

Experimental assessment of the effective friction at the base of granular chute flows on a smooth incline.

Physical review. E·2021

Same author

Dynamic behavior of humid granular avalanches: Optical measurements to characterize the precursor activity.

Physical review. E·2020

Same author

Spreading of a granular droplet under horizontal vibrations.

Physical review. E·2018

Same author

Grain-scale modeling and splash parametrization for aeolian sand transport.

Physical review. E·2017

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions

Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions

Published on: February 22, 2018

Collision process between an incident bead and a three-dimensional granular packing.

Djaoued Beladjine¹, Madani Ammi, Luc Oger

¹Groupe Matière Condensée et Matériaux, UMR CNRS 6626, F-35042 Rennes cedex, France.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|August 7, 2007

Summary

Particle collisions with granular beds, crucial for understanding sand transport, were experimentally studied. Ejection velocities were analyzed, revealing insights into particle dynamics and energy transfer during impacts.

More Related Videos

A Paired Bead and Magnet Array for Molding Microwells with Variable Concave Geometries

A Paired Bead and Magnet Array for Molding Microwells with Variable Concave Geometries

Published on: January 28, 2018

Automatic Laser-based Geometry Capture for Finite Element Analysis of Weld Beads

Automatic Laser-based Geometry Capture for Finite Element Analysis of Weld Beads

Published on: July 25, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions

Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions

Published on: February 22, 2018

A Paired Bead and Magnet Array for Molding Microwells with Variable Concave Geometries

A Paired Bead and Magnet Array for Molding Microwells with Variable Concave Geometries

Published on: January 28, 2018

Automatic Laser-based Geometry Capture for Finite Element Analysis of Weld Beads

Automatic Laser-based Geometry Capture for Finite Element Analysis of Weld Beads

Published on: July 25, 2025

Area of Science:

Physics
Geophysics
Granular Mechanics

Background:

Understanding granular particle collisions is vital for fields like eolian sand transport.
Previous studies have focused on simplified models, necessitating detailed experimental analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally investigate the collision dynamics between an incident particle and a 3D granular packing.
To analyze the ejection velocity components (horizontal V{x} and vertical V{z}) of splashed particles.
To determine the relationship between impact parameters and particle ejection characteristics.

Main Methods:

Experimental setup involving an incident bead impacting a 3D granular packing of identical particles.
Measurement of the horizontal (V{x}) and vertical (V{z}) ejection velocity components of splashed particles.
Systematic variation of impact angle (theta{i}) and incident velocity (V{i}).

Main Results:

Mean quadratic horizontal ejection velocity is largely insensitive to impact angle and velocity.
Mean quadratic vertical ejection velocity increases with incident velocity (as V{i}{1/2}).
Mean number of ejected particles scales with impact speed (as V{i}{3/2}) and depends on impact angle.
Total kinetic energy of splashed particles is proportional to incident particle kinetic energy.

Conclusions:

The study provides a detailed characterization of particle ejection in granular collisions.
The findings offer crucial data for refining models of granular transport phenomena, such as eolian processes.
The bivariate probability distribution of ejection velocities can be approximated by a product of log-normal and circular normal distributions.