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Generalized Casimir forces in nonequilibrium systems.

R Brito1, U Marini Bettolo Marconi, R Soto

  • 1Departamento de Física Aplicada I and GISC, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|August 7, 2007
PubMed
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We present a novel method to calculate fluctuation-induced forces in nonequilibrium systems, analogous to Casimir forces. This approach utilizes the structure factor of homogeneous systems to determine forces between external bodies.

Area of Science:

  • Statistical Physics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Theoretical Physics

Background:

  • Casimir forces originate from quantum field theory and critical phenomena.
  • Nonequilibrium systems often display fluctuations with macroscopic correlation lengths.
  • Structure factors in these systems can exhibit long-range correlations and algebraic divergences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for determining fluctuation-induced forces in nonequilibrium systems.
  • To establish a connection between system fluctuations and inter-body forces.
  • To elucidate the role of characteristic lengths in these forces.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzing the modification of fluctuation spectra by external bodies.
  • Calculating the resulting inhomogeneous renormalized pressure.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Deriving the net force from the structure factor of the homogeneous system.
  • Main Results:

    • A method is proposed to obtain fluctuation-induced forces from the structure factor.
    • The introduction of external bodies leads to inhomogeneous pressure and net forces.
    • A reaction-diffusion equation example illustrates the mechanism and the role of characteristic length.

    Conclusions:

    • Fluctuation-induced forces in nonequilibrium systems can be determined using structure factors.
    • This method provides a theoretical framework for understanding forces in diverse physical systems.
    • The concept extends the applicability of Casimir-like forces beyond equilibrium and quantum phenomena.