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Evaporatively driven morphological instability.

Robert W Style¹, J S Wettlaufer

¹Institute of Theoretical Geophysics, Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|August 7, 2007

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Evaporating impure solutions can create instabilities driven by constitutional supercooling. This phenomenon, similar to alloy solidification, can cause interface corrugation in thin films.

Area of Science:

Physical Chemistry
Materials Science
Fluid Dynamics

Background:

Evaporation of solutions can lead to complex spatiotemporal instabilities.
Previous qualitative observations by Du and Stone suggested such an instability.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze an instability observed during solution evaporation.
To identify the underlying physical mechanism driving this instability.
To propose this mechanism as relevant to various natural and technological systems.

Main Methods:

Theoretical analysis of an evaporating impure film adjacent to a nonvolatile solid.
Comparison of the observed instability with classical morphological instability in alloy solidification.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

The instability is driven by a variant of morphological instability.
Constitutional supercooling within the film, caused by evaporation, drives the corrugation of the solid-solution interface.

Conclusions:

The identified instability mechanism is likely widespread in technological and natural systems.
This study provides a theoretical basis for future quantitative experimental investigations.