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Related Concept Videos

Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
Other Unique Bacteria01:18

Other Unique Bacteria

Magnetic bacteria exhibit a directed movement called magnetotaxis, driven by structures called magnetosomes. These magnetosomes consist of chains of magnetic particles made of either magnetite (Fe₃O₄) or greigite (Fe₃S₄) and are organized in a linear conformation by a protein scaffold within invaginations of the cell membrane. The bacteria align along the north–south magnetic field lines, much like a compass needle. They are typically microaerophilic or anaerobic and are commonly found near the...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque
11:41

Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque

Published on: May 19, 2014

Magnetization of circular DNA.

Seongjin Kim1, Juyeon Yi, M Y Choi

  • 1Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|August 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Circular DNA exhibits unexpected paramagnetic responses to magnetic fields, similar to linear DNA. Its magnetic susceptibility is influenced by ring topology and sequence composition, revealing complex electronic behaviors.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biophysics
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Genomics

Background:

  • DNA's electronic properties are crucial for understanding its biological functions.
  • Investigating DNA's magnetic response provides insights into its molecular structure and behavior.
  • Circular DNA topology can influence its physical and chemical characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the orbital magnetization of relaxed circular DNA molecules.
  • To explore the relationship between DNA sequence, topology, and magnetic properties.
  • To understand the underlying electronic mechanisms responsible for DNA's magnetism.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of DNA electronic structure.
  • Calculation of orbital magnetization in response to external magnetic fields.

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Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules

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DNA-magnetic Particle Binding Analysis by Dynamic and Electrophoretic Light Scattering
10:35

DNA-magnetic Particle Binding Analysis by Dynamic and Electrophoretic Light Scattering

Published on: November 9, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque
11:41

Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque

Published on: May 19, 2014

Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules
09:32

Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules

Published on: April 12, 2019

DNA-magnetic Particle Binding Analysis by Dynamic and Electrophoretic Light Scattering
10:35

DNA-magnetic Particle Binding Analysis by Dynamic and Electrophoretic Light Scattering

Published on: November 9, 2017

  • Analysis of magnetic susceptibility as a function of linking number and sequence composition.

    • Main Results:

    • Homogeneous sequence circular DNA shows paramagnetic responses, equivalent to linear DNA.
    • Electron localization on a single strand explains the observed magnetic equivalence.
    • Magnetic susceptibility is dependent on the linking number, indicating topological influence.
    • Sequence heterogeneity leads to characteristic magnetization oscillations dependent on base content.

    Conclusions:

    • Circular DNA exhibits tunable magnetic properties influenced by its topology and sequence.
    • The electronic structure and base composition critically determine DNA's magnetic behavior.
    • These findings offer a deeper understanding of DNA's response to magnetic fields at a molecular level.