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Absorption of Radiation01:05

Absorption of Radiation

The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
Carrier Transport01:21

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The generation of electrical current in semiconductors is fundamentally driven by two mechanisms: drift and diffusion. These processes are essential for the functionality and performance of semiconductor-based devices.
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The drift of charge carriers is started by an external electric field (E). Charged particles, such as electrons and holes, experience an acceleration between collisions with lattice atoms. For electrons, this results in a drift velocity (vd) given by:
Boundary Layer Characteristics01:18

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When a fluid encounters a solid surface, a boundary layer forms due to the interaction between the fluid's motion and the stationary surface. This phenomenon is characterized by a thin region adjacent to the surface where viscous forces dominate, influencing the fluid's velocity profile. The development of the boundary layer begins at the leading edge of the surface and evolves as the fluid moves downstream.As the fluid flows over the surface, friction between the fluid and the wall slows down...
Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes01:23

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Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...
Momentum And Radiation Pressure01:20

Momentum And Radiation Pressure

An object absorbing an electromagnetic wave would experience a force in the direction of propagation of the wave. This force occurs because electromagnetic waves contain and transport momentum. The force accounts for the wave's radiation pressure exerted on the object. Maxwell's prediction was confirmed in 1903 by Nichols and Hull by precisely measuring radiation pressures with a torsion balance. The measuring instrument had mirrors suspended from a fiber kept inside a glass container. Nichols...
Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.

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Birefringence effect as a tool for astrophysical plasma study.

Physical review letters·2002
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Updated: Jul 13, 2026

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
08:01

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow

Published on: May 1, 2018

Diffusive radiation in one-dimensional Langmuir turbulence.

G D Fleishman1, I N Toptygin

  • 1A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|August 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Radiation spectra from relativistic particles interacting with Langmuir turbulence depend on particle motion angle. Oblique propagation creates complex spectra with power-law regions and high-frequency peaks, relevant for plasma physics and astrophysics.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Astrophysical Radiation Mechanisms
  • High-Energy Particle Dynamics

Background:

  • Langmuir turbulence is a key plasma phenomenon, often generated by streaming instabilities.
  • Understanding radiation from relativistic particles in turbulent plasmas is crucial for astrophysical and laboratory settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To calculate and analyze radiation spectra produced by relativistic particles in one-dimensional Langmuir turbulence.
  • To investigate the influence of particle velocity and electric field orientation on radiation characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical calculations of radiation spectra.
  • Analysis of particle motion in relation to electric field direction within turbulent plasma.

Main Results:

  • Radiation spectra are highly sensitive to the angle between particle velocity and electric field.
  • Transverse particle motion yields a degenerate spectrum, similar to uniform Langmuir oscillations.
  • Oblique propagation results in complex spectra with multiple power-law regions and a potential high-frequency peak.

Conclusions:

  • The orientation of particle motion significantly alters radiation spectra in turbulent plasmas.
  • The findings are applicable to laboratory plasma experiments and astrophysical phenomena like gamma-ray bursts and jets.