Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation  between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:26

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Consider an isolated system in which a hot object is placed in contact with a cold one. This is an irreversible process that eventually leads both objects to reach the same equilibrium temperature. It is crucial to note that the constituents of any substance exhibit increased disorder at higher temperatures. As a cold substance absorbs heat, its constituents become more disordered. The energy transfer from a hotter object to a cooler one increases the system's disorder or randomness. This...
The Entropy as a State Function01:14

The Entropy as a State Function

Consider an arbitrary process that moves between two specific states (A and B) in a cyclic manner. This process is reversible and broken down into smaller parts that each follow a Carnot cycle. A Carnot cycle has two isothermal (constant temperature) processes. During these processes, the ratio of the amount of heat transferred to their respective temperature remains constant. The other two processes in the Carnot cycle are also reversible but adiabatic, which means they occur without any heat...
Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
Entropy02:39

Entropy

Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
Entropy01:18

Entropy

The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

How to seed ergodic dynamics of interacting bosons under conditions of many-body quantum chaos.

Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)·2025
Same author

Erratum: Many-Body Interference at the Onset of Chaos [Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 080401 (2023)].

Physical review letters·2024
Same author

Entanglement-induced collective many-body interference.

Science advances·2024
Same author

Universal Crosstalk of Twisted Light in Random Media.

Physical review letters·2024
Same author

Indistinguishability of Identical Bosons from a Quantum Information Theory Perspective.

Physical review letters·2024
Same author

Exact Markovian evolution of quantum systems with several degrees of freedom: Phase space representations.

Physical review. E·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Optimal dynamical characterization of entanglement.

André R R Carvalho1, Marc Busse, Olivier Brodier

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|August 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers found an optimal measurement strategy to track entanglement in open quantum systems. This enables efficient, dynamic characterization of entanglement evolution in complex quantum systems.

More Related Videos

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section
11:00

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section

Published on: July 19, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section
11:00

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section

Published on: July 19, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Dynamics
  • Entanglement Theory

Background:

  • Open quantum systems are fundamental to quantum computing and sensing.
  • Characterizing entanglement dynamics in these systems is crucial but challenging.
  • Existing methods may not be efficient for complex, evolving systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify an optimal measurement strategy for monitoring entanglement.
  • To enable efficient dynamical characterization of entanglement in open systems.
  • To provide a practical approach for experimentally relevant quantum systems.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of entanglement evolution under decoherence.
  • Development of a novel measurement protocol.
  • Simulation of the strategy on model open quantum systems.

Main Results:

  • An optimal measurement strategy exists for experimentally relevant systems.
  • This strategy allows for efficient monitoring of entanglement time evolution.
  • The approach is applicable to composite quantum systems interacting with their environment.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed measurement strategy offers an efficient method for characterizing entanglement.
  • This work provides a pathway for dynamical entanglement assessment in realistic quantum devices.
  • The findings are significant for advancing quantum technologies reliant on entanglement.