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Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis
Published on: March 29, 2016
One-dimensional beam ordering of protons in a storage ring
T Shirai1, M Ikegami, S Fujimoto
1Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan. shirai@kyticr.kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Abstract:
The ordering of protons has been observed at a new storage ring, S-LSR, at Kyoto University. Abrupt jumps in the momentum spread and the Schottky noise power were observed for protons for the first time at a particle number of approximately 2000, upon applying electron cooling with electron currents of 25, 50, and 100 mA. The transition temperature was 0.17 and 1 meV in the longitudinal and transverse directions, respectively. The transverse temperature of the proton beam was much below that of electrons at the transition, which played an essential role in the ordering of protons.
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