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Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps

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Atom-molecule Rabi oscillations in a Mott insulator.

N Syassen¹, D M Bauer, M Lettner

¹Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.

Physical Review Letters

|August 7, 2007

Summary

Researchers observed Rabi oscillations between atomic and molecular states in Rubidium-87 (87Rb) atoms within an optical lattice. This study confirms single-molecule formation and stability in specific lattice energy gaps.

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Area of Science:

Atomic physics
Quantum optics
Condensed matter physics

Background:

Feshbach resonances enable control over atomic interactions.
Optical lattices confine ultracold atoms.
Rabi oscillations demonstrate coherent quantum state manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate Rabi oscillations between atomic and molecular states in an optical lattice near a Feshbach resonance.
To characterize the dependence of oscillation parameters on magnetic field and atomic density.
To confirm single-molecule creation and assess molecular stability within the lattice.

Main Methods:

Utilizing ultracold 87Rb atoms in an optical lattice.
Employing a Feshbach resonance near 414 G for controlled interactions.
Analyzing oscillation frequency and amplitude dependence on magnetic field.
Investigating density dependence of oscillation frequency.
Confirming molecular state occupancy and stability.

Main Results:

Observed large-amplitude Rabi oscillations between atomic and molecular states.
Demonstrated that oscillation frequency and amplitude are magnetic field-dependent, consistent with a two-level model.
Verified density dependence of oscillation frequency aligns with theoretical predictions.
Confirmed the creation of exactly one molecule per lattice site after a half-oscillation cycle.
Showed that molecules are stable against dissociation when their energy lies within a band gap of the lattice structure.

Conclusions:

Rabi oscillations provide a precise tool for controlling and probing atom-molecule mixtures.
The observed phenomena are well-described by a simple two-level model, simplifying theoretical analysis.
Stable, single molecules can be reliably produced and maintained in optical lattices under specific conditions.