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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living donor...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...

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Finding a solution: preliminary results of percutaneous nephrolithotomy outcomes under saline-restricted irrigation conditions.

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Updated: Jul 13, 2026

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy
03:56

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy

Published on: September 13, 2022

Advances in percutaneous nephrostolithotomy.

Leslie A Deane1, Ralph V Clayman

  • 1Department of Urology, University of California Irvine, UCI Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA.

The Urologic Clinics of North America
|August 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy has evolved significantly since 1976, becoming the preferred treatment for large kidney stones. This review covers advancements and techniques for this minimally invasive procedure.

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery

Background:

  • Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) was first introduced in 1976.
  • Significant advancements have refined PCNL over three decades.
  • It is now considered the gold standard for treating large and complex kidney stones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution and advancements in percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
  • To highlight the technical nuances of the procedure.
  • To discuss results from large published series.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical data and published literature on PCNL.
  • Analysis of procedural refinements and technical aspects.
  • Discussion of outcomes from extensive clinical series.

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Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
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Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Published on: November 22, 2019

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Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy
03:56

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy

Published on: September 13, 2022

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
06:39

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Published on: November 22, 2019

Main Results:

  • PCNL has undergone substantial improvements since its inception.
  • The technique is highly effective for managing large and complex renal calculi.
  • Published data demonstrate favorable outcomes and efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Percutaneous nephrolithotomy represents a major advancement in urological stone management.
  • Continued refinement has solidified its role as the gold standard.
  • Understanding procedural nuances is key to successful outcomes.