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Related Concept Videos

Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Lattice Energies of Ionic Crystals01:27

Lattice Energies of Ionic Crystals

Lattice energy represents the energy released when gaseous cations and anions combine to form an ionic solid, reflecting the strength of electrostatic interactions within the crystal. This process is fundamentally governed by Coulombic attraction between oppositely charged ions, where the potential energy varies inversely with the interionic distance and directly with the product of ionic charges. As ions approach one another, the electrostatic energy becomes increasingly negative, indicating a...
Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation01:28

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation

Nuclear relaxation restores the equilibrium population imbalance and can occur via spin–lattice or spin–spin mechanisms, which are first-order exponential decay processes.
In spin–lattice or longitudinal relaxation, the excited spins exchange energy with the surrounding lattice as they return to the lower energy level. Among several mechanisms that contribute to spin–lattice relaxation, magnetic dipolar interactions are significant. Here, the excited nucleus transfers energy to a nearby...

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Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
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Lattice-solvent controlled spin transitions in iron(II) complexes.

Chandrasekar Rajadurai1, Zhirong Qu, Olaf Fuhr

  • 1Institute of Nanotechnology, Research Centre, Karlsruhe, PB-3640, D-76021, Germany.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|August 8, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study synthesized iron(II) spin transition compounds, revealing how lattice solvent molecules influence their spin transition properties and magnetic behavior. Removing solvents systematically alters spin transition temperatures and hysteresis.

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Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Spin transition (ST) phenomena in iron(II) complexes are sensitive to their molecular environment.
  • Lattice solvent molecules can significantly impact the structural and electronic properties of coordination compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and magnetically investigate a series of iron(II) spin transition compounds.
  • To elucidate the effect of lattice solvent molecules and their positions on the spin transition process.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of [FeII2](X)2.{S}2 compounds (X=ClO4-, BF4-; S=acetonitrile).
  • Magnetic susceptibility measurements.
  • Variable-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies.

Main Results:

  • Synthesized orange and red polymorphic iron(II) compounds with varying lattice acetonitrile content.
  • Observed low spin (LS) states for iron(II) ions based on Fe-N bond distances.
  • Demonstrated single-crystal thermochroism (red (LS) <--> orange (HS)) and unit cell volume changes upon temperature variation.
  • Showed that lattice solvent exclusion increases spin transition temperatures and decreases hysteresis loop width.

Conclusions:

  • Lattice solvent effects play a crucial role in tuning the spin transition properties of iron(II) compounds.
  • Polymorphism and solvent positioning significantly influence spin transition behavior.
  • Controlled exclusion of lattice solvents offers a method to modulate spin transition characteristics.