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Related Concept Videos

Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Prodrugs01:30

Prodrugs

Prodrugs are a class of pharmaceutical compounds that undergo a biotransformation process within the body to be converted into a pharmacologically active drug. Prodrugs are designed to improve the therapeutic properties of the parent drug, such as enhancing bioavailability, increasing stability, or reducing toxicity. The concept of prodrugs revolves around modifying the chemical structure of the original drug to make it more effective or convenient for administration.
Prodrugs help overcome...
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents01:26

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
Drug Metabolism: Phase II Reactions01:14

Drug Metabolism: Phase II Reactions

Phase II reactions are essential for the detoxification and elimination of drugs from the body. These reactions involve the conjugation of parent drugs or their phase I metabolites with endogenous molecules, resulting in more hydrophilic drug conjugates. The primary conjugation reactions in this phase are sulfation and glucuronidation. Both sulfation and glucuronidation typically produce biologically inactive metabolites. However, in some cases involving prodrugs, active metabolites may be...

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Preparation of SNS Cobalt(II) Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase
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Developing iron nitrosyl complexes as NO donor prodrugs.

Sandra A T Dillinger1, Helmut W Schmalle, Thomas Fox

  • 1Anorganisch-chemisches Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthuerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|August 8, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Novel water-soluble iron nitrosyl complexes were synthesized as nitric oxide (NO) donor prodrugs. These complexes demonstrate potential for controlled NO release, confirmed by EPR, electrochemical, and UV-vis methods.

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Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
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Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

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Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
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Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

Published on: February 16, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) plays crucial roles in physiological processes.
  • Developing effective NO donor prodrugs is essential for therapeutic applications.
  • Water-solubility and controlled release are key challenges in NO prodrug design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel water-soluble iron nitrosyl complexes.
  • To evaluate their potential as nitric oxide (NO) donor prodrugs.
  • To investigate the mechanisms and kinetics of NO release.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of mononuclear and dinuclear iron nitrosyl complexes using various water-soluble ligands.
  • Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) NO-trap assay to identify NO donors.
  • Electrochemical methods to quantify released nitric oxide.
  • UV-vis spectroscopy to study NO equilibrium release and determine rate constants.

Main Results:

  • A new class of water-soluble iron nitrosyl complexes was successfully synthesized.
  • Complexes were identified as nitric oxide (NO) or nitroxyl donors.
  • Quantification and kinetic studies confirmed controlled NO release capabilities.
  • Water-solubility was achieved for several synthesized complexes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed iron nitrosyl complexes represent a promising new class of NO donor prodrugs.
  • These compounds offer potential for targeted and controlled nitric oxide delivery.
  • Further investigation is warranted for their therapeutic applications.