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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
07:49

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Published on: October 14, 2014

Anaphylaxis to foods.

Graham Roberts1

  • 1David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, Isle of Wight and Paediatric Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Southampton, UK. g.c.roberts@soton.ac.uk

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology : Official Publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
|August 8, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Managing food allergy anaphylaxis in children and teens is challenging. This review discusses diagnosis, adrenaline device prescription, and novel allergen identification, highlighting evidence gaps.

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
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Published on: October 14, 2014

Mouse Body Temperature Measurement Using Infrared Thermometer During Passive Systemic Anaphylaxis and Food Allergy Evaluation
04:34

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Published on: May 31, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Clinical Management of Anaphylaxis

Background:

  • Anaphylaxis in children and adolescents presents unique management challenges.
  • Limited specific evidence exists for pediatric anaphylaxis protocols.
  • Key management areas include diagnosis, adrenaline device prescription, and allergen identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss current evidence in pediatric food allergy anaphylaxis management.
  • To address critical decision-making points for clinicians.
  • To identify areas needing further research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of available evidence.
  • Discussion of diagnostic criteria for anaphylaxis.
  • Analysis of guidelines for self-injectable adrenaline device prescription.
  • Exploration of novel allergen detection strategies.

Main Results:

  • Evidence for specific pediatric anaphylaxis management is scarce.
  • Diagnostic challenges persist in distinguishing anaphylaxis from other reactions.
  • Criteria for adrenaline device prescription require careful consideration in pediatric cases.
  • Identification of emerging food allergens remains an evolving area.

Conclusions:

  • Improved evidence base is crucial for effective pediatric anaphylaxis management.
  • Standardized approaches to diagnosis and treatment are needed.
  • Further research should focus on pediatric-specific anaphylaxis protocols and novel allergens.