Gustav Flaubert's "nervous disease": an autobiographic and epileptological approach

More than 20 years ago, complex partial epilepsy of occipital-temporal origin was suggested as having been the "nervous disease" of Gustave Flaubert, one of the most famous French novelists. The aim of the present work, therefore, was to reevaluate the diagnosis of Flaubert's "nervous disease" in the light of reemerged biographic information and letters, as well as the numerous scientific advances in epilepsy and its psychopathology in recent years. If the semiology of the reported attacks is considered, epilepsy ranks among the most probable diagnoses. In our opinion, psychopathological considerations suggest primary involvement of mesial temporal lobe structures with typical findings of ictal and interictal mood behavior.