Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
Published on: May 16, 2019
The impact of seizures and adverse effects on global health ratings
Joyce A Cramer1, Nancy A Brandenburg, Xiao Xu
1Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. joyce.cramer@yale.edu
Abstract:
This study was undertaken to explore the perceived impact of having a seizure (SZ) compared with having an adverse effect (AE). Patients (N=201) with partial-onset epilepsy taking two or more antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) rated their health state from 0 to100 based on their health today, hypothetical health if experiencing a SZ today, and hypothetical health if experiencing an AE today. Overall health status ratings (HLTH) declined as SZ frequency increased (P=0.01). Perceived decrements in HLTH with SZs were greatest for patients with the least frequent SZs (P=0.001) and the most recent SZs (P=0.004). Perceived decrements in HLTH with SZs compared with AEs (SZ-AE) differed across SZ recency groups (P<0.05 except for muscle incoordination and weakness). Patients with the more remote SZs were most concerned with SZ control; patients with more recent SZs were more sensitive to AED side effects. These data provide insight into the risk-benefit concerns of patients at equipoise when addressing the efficacy and AEs of AEDs.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Seizures l: Introduction
Seizures: Classification
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
Seizures ll: Types
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...

