Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Chickenpox01:20

Chickenpox

Chickenpox is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family. Its transmission occurs primarily through the inhalation of respiratory droplets or direct contact with vesicular fluid from skin lesions. The incubation period typically ranges from 10 to 21 days, during which the virus replicates and disseminates through sequential phases within the host. Although generally self-limiting in children,...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Genital Herpes01:23

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is increasingly implicated in genital infections, particularly among younger populations. Transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, with asymptomatic viral shedding serving as a major route of spread. This characteristic makes HSV-2 difficult to control at a population level, as individuals may unknowingly transmit the virus even in the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Randomized Phase 3 Trial Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of V114, a 15-Valent PCV, Followed by PPSV23 6 Months Later (PNEU-DAY): Subgroup Analysis in Adults 18-49 Years of Age Enrolled at Center for Indigenous Health Sites.

Vaccines·2026
Same author

Correction: Omole et al. Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of the Pneumococcal Vaccines PPSV23 or PCV15 Co-Administered with a Booster Dose of mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Healthy Adults ≥50 Years of Age. <i>Vaccines</i> 2025, <i>13</i>, 192.

Vaccines·2025
Same author

Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of the Pneumococcal Vaccines PPSV23 or PCV15 Co-Administered with a Booster Dose of mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Healthy Adults ≥50 Years of Age.

Vaccines·2025
Same author

PCV15, a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease in infants and children.

Expert review of vaccines·2023
Same author

Safety and Immunogenicity of V114 in Preterm Infants: A Pooled Analysis of Four Phase Three Studies.

The Pediatric infectious disease journal·2023
Same author

A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparator-Controlled Study to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of V114, a 15-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients (PNEU-STEM).

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Use of Interferon-&gamma; Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus
13:41

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus

Published on: March 8, 2012

Quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine.

Eliav Barr1, Gretchen Tamms

  • 1Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA. eliav_barr@merck.com

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|August 9, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine (HPV 6/11/16/18) effectively prevents HPV-related cancers and genital warts. Vaccination demonstrated high efficacy and safety, with widespread adoption expected to reduce disease incidence globally.

More Related Videos

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches
13:36

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches

Published on: May 6, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Use of Interferon-&gamma; Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus
13:41

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus

Published on: March 8, 2012

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches
13:36

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches

Published on: May 6, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Vaccinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection poses a lifetime risk exceeding 50% and is linked to over 550,000 annual cases of cervical and anogenital cancers globally.
  • Specific HPV types, notably 16 and 18, are responsible for approximately 70% of HPV-related cancers, while types 6 and 11 cause about 90% of genital warts.
  • Existing HPV infections can lead to precancerous lesions and genital warts, highlighting the need for effective preventive measures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a quadrivalent vaccine targeting HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 (HPV 6/11/16/18).
  • To assess the vaccine's potential in preventing cervical cancer, anogenital precancers, and genital warts.
  • To determine the long-term effectiveness and immunogenicity of the HPV 6/11/16/18 vaccine.

Main Methods:

  • Prophylactic vaccination trials were conducted in young women to assess vaccine effectiveness.
  • Efficacy was measured by the prevention of HPV 6/11/16/18-related cervical and anogenital precancers and genital warts.
  • Immunogenicity was evaluated by measuring anti-HPV antibody levels post-vaccination in adolescents compared to women.

Main Results:

  • Prophylactic vaccination demonstrated 96%-100% effectiveness in preventing HPV 6/11/16/18-related cervical and anogenital precancers and genital warts.
  • High vaccine efficacy was sustained for at least 5 years post-vaccination.
  • Adolescents exhibited superior post-vaccination anti-HPV levels compared to women, and the vaccine was generally well tolerated.

Conclusions:

  • The quadrivalent HPV 6/11/16/18 vaccine is highly effective and safe for preventing HPV-related precancers and genital warts.
  • The vaccine's efficacy is durable, lasting at least 5 years, with strong immunogenicity observed in adolescents.
  • Widespread adoption of the HPV 6/11/16/18 vaccine, now licensed in over 80 countries and included in national programs, is anticipated to significantly decrease the incidence of HPV-related cancers and warts.