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Related Concept Videos

Larynx01:21

Larynx

The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids, corniculates, and...
Cranial Nerves: Types Part II01:22

Cranial Nerves: Types Part II

Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves. While the first six innervate the head and neck, the latter six nerves innervate the head and neck, as well as organs and tissues in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. They facilitate communication, expression, and autonomic control within the human body.
Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
Cranial nerve VII, or the facial nerve,...
Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy01:19

Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy

The cranial nerves are an important part of the complex network of nerves in the human body. These nerves emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for transmitting essential information between the brain and various parts of the head and neck. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, systematically numbered using Roman numerals from I to XII, beginning from the anterior and moving to the posterior of the brain. Each cranial nerve is uniquely identified by names that reflect its function...
Cranial Nerves: Types Part I01:14

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I

Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is unique as it is purely sensory and dedicated to the sense of smell. This nerve originates in the olfactory epithelium of the...
The Hyoid Bone01:12

The Hyoid Bone

The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
07:45

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing

Published on: December 1, 2023

[Function and dysfunction of the superior laryngeal nerve].

A Teymoortash1, R Berger, G Lichtenberger

  • 1Klinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde der Philipps-Universität, Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg, Standort Marburg, Deutschhausstr. 3, 35037, Marburg, Deutschland. teymoort@med.uni-marburg.de

HNO
|August 9, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) injuries can cause voice and swallowing problems, often stemming from thyroid surgery. Accurate diagnosis requires understanding SLN anatomy and using tools like laryngoscopy and electromyography.

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Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurology
  • Surgical Anatomy

Context:

  • Superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) injuries are more common than previously recognized.
  • Paresis of the SLN is a frequent cause of nerve dysfunction, particularly after thyroid surgery.

Purpose:

  • To underscore the importance of precise anatomical knowledge of the SLN's course to prevent iatrogenic damage.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and necessary investigations for SLN lesions.

Summary:

  • SLN lesions can lead to voice changes and dysphagia with aspiration.
  • Clinical symptoms are often subtle, making diagnosis difficult.
  • Accurate diagnosis necessitates laryngoscopy, stroboscopy, and electromyography.

Impact:

  • Improved surgical techniques and anatomical awareness can reduce SLN injury rates.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis can lead to timely management of voice and swallowing disorders.
  • Enhanced understanding of SLN pathophysiology aids in patient care and outcomes.