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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Calcium ions are essential to contract smooth muscle cells in blood vessels. They enter these cells through voltage-dependent calcium channels, specifically L-type calcium channels in the cell membrane. These L-type calcium channels are integral to the excitation-contraction coupling process in smooth muscle. When a stimulus is received by smooth muscle cells, their membrane depolarizes. This alteration in membrane potential instigates the opening of L-type calcium channels. As a result,...
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Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure or force of blood exerted on the artery's walls as it circulates through the body. It is essential for maintaining blood flow throughout the body.
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The movement of blood in a human body, commonly referred to as blood flow, is determined by the volume of blood that traverses a certain section of the bodily system per unit time. It is the rhythmic contraction of the heart's ventricles that primarily instigates this movement. As the ventricles contract, blood is forced into the prominent arteries, which then flow from areas of greater pressure to lower pressure areas. This movement continues into smaller arteries and arterioles and...
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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Imaging Ca2+ Signals in Small Pulmonary Veins at Physiological Intraluminal Pressures
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[Calcium and blood pressure].

G Simonetti1, M Mohaupt

  • 1Pädiatrische Nephrologie, Universitäts-Kinderklinik, Bern. giacomo.simonetti@insel.ch

Therapeutische Umschau. Revue Therapeutique
|August 10, 2007
PubMed
Summary

High parathormone levels increase blood pressure by regulating calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle cells. A calcium-rich diet can lower blood pressure by suppressing parathormone.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Mineral Metabolism

Context:

  • Blood pressure regulation involves multiple organs and intracellular calcium.
  • Calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle cells increases tone, vascular resistance, and blood pressure.
  • Parathormone (PTH) regulates cellular calcium influx, influencing vasoconstriction.

Purpose:

  • To explore the role of parathormone in blood pressure regulation.
  • To investigate the relationship between parathormone levels and hypertension.
  • To examine the impact of dietary calcium on blood pressure and cardiovascular risk.

Summary:

  • Elevated parathormone levels correlate positively with blood pressure, observed in hyperparathyroidism and essential hypertension.
  • High parathormone contributes to increased blood pressure by enhancing calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle.

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  • A calcium-rich diet (>1000 mg/day) lowers blood pressure by suppressing parathormone, reducing vascular smooth muscle calcium, and inhibiting lipogenesis.

    • Impact:

    • Findings highlight parathormone as a key regulator of blood pressure and a potential therapeutic target.
    • Dietary calcium intake influences cardiovascular risk through parathormone modulation and effects on fat metabolism.
    • Understanding the calcium-parathormone-blood pressure axis can inform strategies for managing hypertension and cardiovascular health.