[Calcium supplementation in the menopause--unnecessary, advisable, or necessary?]

With the menopause, the multiple positive effects of estrogens on bone come to an end, which leads to an increased bone turnover an accelerated bone loss and an increased fracture risk. Although the antifracture effect of calcium alone is questionable, several observations justify the recommendation to avoid calcium deficiency in this age: Very low Calcium intake is related to low BMD and higher hip fracture incidence in several studies; regular Calcium supplementation lowers fracture incidence, when observed over years. Calcium from dairy products, mineral waters and supplements is almost equally well absorbed. But the former contain also other nutrients with positive effects on bone, such as proteins, phosphorus, bicarbonates. The choice goes for the nutrient or supplement with the best acceptance by a given individual.